The stability of this product in solution at -20C is undetermined. The recommended storage for the reconstituted solution is at 2–8 °C. Please refer to the Data Sheet for more information: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/documents/110/527/c8052dat-ms.pdf
Összes fotó(1)
Fontos dokumentumok
C8052
Cholera Toxin
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae
from Vibrio cholerae, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder, A-B type toxin
Szinonimák:
CTX, Cholera enterotoxin, Choleragen
Bejelentkezésa Szervezeti és Szerződéses árazás megtekintéséhez
Méret kiválasztása
2 MG
164 000,00 Ft
164 000,00 Ft
Az elérhetőséggel kapcsolatos kérdésekkel kérjük, forduljon Vevőszolgálatunkhoz.
Megrendelés igénylése nagy tételben
Összes fotó(1)
Méret kiválasztása
Nézet módosítása
2 MG
164 000,00 Ft
About This Item
164 000,00 Ft
Az elérhetőséggel kapcsolatos kérdésekkel kérjük, forduljon Vevőszolgálatunkhoz.
Megrendelés igénylése nagy tételben
Javasolt termékek
Terméknév
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder
Minőségi szint
Teszt
≥90% (SDS-PAGE)
Forma
lyophilized powder
összetétel
Protein, ~5% Lowry-TCA
oldhatóság
H2O: 10 mg/mL
tárolási hőmérséklet
2-8°C
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Általános leírás
Cholera toxin is a member of the AB5-subunit family of toxins. It consists of a single A subunit responsible for ADP-ribosylation and five B subunits arranged as a pentameric ring with cell surface receptor binding and internalization functions. The A subunit catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs), leading to increased adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP levels. It also ADP-ribosylates transducing and tubulin.[1]
Cholera toxin and its A subunit are commonly used to study signal transduction mechanisms due to their impact on adenylate cyclase. Additionally, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant by stimulating B lymphocytes and T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting interleukin-12 production. The non-toxic B subunit (CTB) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a useful label for microglial cells in neurological research. It has also proved to be an excellent tracer for axonal transport studies using immunohistochemical methods.[2][3]
Cholera toxin and its A subunit are commonly used to study signal transduction mechanisms due to their impact on adenylate cyclase. Additionally, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant by stimulating B lymphocytes and T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting interleukin-12 production. The non-toxic B subunit (CTB) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a useful label for microglial cells in neurological research. It has also proved to be an excellent tracer for axonal transport studies using immunohistochemical methods.[2][3]
Alkalmazás
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used as a positive control in cAMP (cyclic AMP) assay for enterotoxins.[4] It has been added as a supplement in cell culture media of primary tumors and epithelial cells.[5][6][7]
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used in toxin neutralization assays to assess the cytotoxicity of cells.[8]
Biokémiai/fiziológiai hatások
Toxin consisting of an A subunit (27 kDa) surrounded by five B subunits (approximately 12 kDa each), which attach the toxin to ganglioside GM1 on the cell surface.
Tulajdonságok és előnyök
This compound is a featured product for Cyclic Nucleotide research. Click here to discover more featured Cyclic Nucleotide products. Learn more about bioactive small molecules for other areas of research at sigma.com/discover-bsm.
Kiszerelés
Package size based on protein content.
Fizikai forma
Lyophilized powder containing Tris buffer salts, sodium chloride, sodium azide and sodium EDTA
Feloldás
When reconstituted at 1 mg/mL in water, solution will contain 0.05 M Tris buffer salts, pH 7.5, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.003 M NaN3, and 0.001 M sodium EDTA. Store reconstituted solutions in the refrigerator.
Figyelmeztetés
Danger
Figyelmeztető mondatok
Óvintézkedésre vonatkozó mondatok
Veszélyességi osztályok
Acute Tox. 2 Dermal - Acute Tox. 2 Oral - Acute Tox. 4 Inhalation - Aquatic Chronic 3
Tárolási osztály kódja
6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials
WGK
WGK 3
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Analitikai tanúsítványok (COA)
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Az ügyfelek ezeket is megtekintették
Structure, biological functions and applications of the AB5 toxins
Beddoe T, et al.
Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 35, 411-418 (2010)
Nobuhiko Kayagaki et al.
Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6151), 1246-1249 (2013-07-28)
Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri are sensed in an ill-defined manner by an intracellular inflammasome complex that activates caspase-11. We show that macrophages loaded with synthetic lipid A, E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or
Enhanced degradation of stimulatory G-protein (Gsalpha) by cholera toxin is mediated by ADP-ribosylation of Gsalpha protein but not by increased cyclic AMP levels
Shah BH
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 93-97 (1997)
The enterotoxin T (BcET) from Bacillus cereus can probably not contribute to food poisoning.
Choma C and Granum PE
FEMS Microbiology Letters, 217, 115-115 (2002)
Contribution of CXCL12 secretion to invasion of breast cancer cells.
Boimel PJ et al.
Breast Cancer Research, 14, R23-R23 (2012)
Cikkek
Cyclic nucleotides like cAMP modulate cell function via PKA activation and ion channels.
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Can the solution (1mg/ml) be stored at -20?
1 answer-
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Can the lyophilized powder be stored at room temperature prior to reconstitution?
1 answer-
As listed in the Product Data Sheet, the lyophilized powder must be stored at 2–8°C. The product, as supplied, is stable for 3 years when stored properly.
Please see the Data Sheet for more information:
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/documents/110/527/c8052dat-ms.pdfHelpful?
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Hey, Can this product be reconstituted to a solution and administered to mice for systemic upregulation of immune cells?
1 answer-
This product has not been tested for use in animal models, however, the preparation does contain sodium azide as a preservative. Azide is reported to have an LD50 of 19 mg/kg in mouse by I.V. route. This is not a sterile preparation, solutions would require filter sterilization prior to in vitro or in vivo use. Please see the link below to review the product datasheet:
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/documents/110/527/c8052dat-ms.pdfPlease see the following link to review a publication regarding the toxicity of azides:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15563650.2021.1906888#:~:text=Within%20a%20year%20of%20its,kg%20%5B14%2C15%5D.Helpful?
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At what temperature and duration do I need to autoclave liquid with cholera toxin to be able to dispose of it?
1 answer-
Please refer to the SDS for disposal recommendations. Disposal methods are listed in section 6.3, including autoclaving, incineration, and chemical disinfection.
Consult with facility or municipal EHS authorities to ensure proper guidelines are followed. See the link below to review the SDS:
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/sds/sigma/c8052See the link below to an NIH publication that may also be helpful.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218626/Helpful?
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Is Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin, cell culture tested?
1 answer-
This product is not cell culture tested.
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Is Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin, sterile?
1 answer-
It is not necessarily sterile, but the solution can be filter sterilized using a 0.2 micron pore size filter.
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How is the activity of Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin, expressed?
1 answer-
The activity is expressed in terms of units/mg of protein and not as units/mL.
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What is the solubility and solution stability of Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin?
1 answer-
Cholera toxin is soluble in water at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Solutions are reported to be stable for 1 year when stored at 2-8 °C, and will lose biological activity after prolonged exposure to pH below 6 or above 8, according to Mekalanos, J.J., et al., Meth. Enzymology, 165, 169-175 (1988).
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What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?
1 answer-
Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.
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What is the molecular weight Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin?
1 answer-
Although the molecular weight is not part of our specifications for this product, it has been reported to be 84 kDa in Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 492, 303 (1977).
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