The chemical differences between equine and bovine heart-derived Cytochrome C for cytochrome oxidase histochemistry are minimal. The molecular weights are close but not identical, with equine heart-derived Cytochrome C having a molecular weight of 12,384 and bovine heart-derived Cytochrome C having a molecular weight of 12,327. Despite this, both are highly conserved in eukaryotes, and considering their near-identical molecular weights, they can likely be used interchangeably for cytochrome oxidase histochemistry.
C2506
Cytochrome c from equine heart
≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
Cytochrome c from equine heart
1 of 2 reviewers received a sample product or took part in a promotion
Synonym(s):
Cytochrome c from horse heart
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About This Item
Form:
powder
Assay:
≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
Biological source:
horse heart
Mol wt:
12,384
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
biological source
horse heart
Quality Segment
assay
≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
form
powder
mol wt
12,384
technique(s)
cell based assay: suitable
solubility
H2O: soluble 10 mg/mL
suitability
suitable for molecular biology
UniProt accession no.
application(s)
cell analysis
storage temp.
−20°C
Gene Information
horse ... CYCS(100053958)
Application
The specific sites and extent of oxidation in horse cytochrome c treated with H2O2 and UV were characterized. It was suggested that the state of these sites could be used as a biomarker for the oxidative environment in a cell.
Cytochrome c has been used:
- in the reduction of ferricytochrome c by xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide radicals[1]
- as an analyte by the single droplet deposition method using MALDI mass spectra[2]
- as a terminal electron acceptor in the assay of standard cytochrome c reductase activity[3]
- in cytochrome c oxidase histochemistry[4]
- in the measurement of cytochrome C oxidase activity[5]
- as a component of phosphate buffer for the detection and evaluation of complex IV activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE)
- for detection of extracellular superoxide anion (ECSA) in isolated kidney phagocytes
Biochem/physiol Actions
Cytochrome c, released from the outer mitochondrial compartment into the cytosol aids in activation of caspase-9 and initiation of the apoptotic protease cascade. This process is facilitated through its interaction with apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (APAF-1) and deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP).(3) Various studies suggest that measurement of cytochrome C level in serum of tumor patients can be considered as a potential marker for cell death in vivo.
Cytochrome c is primarily known as an electron-carrying mitochondrial protein. The transition of cytochrome c between the ferrous and ferric states within the cell makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter and it plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. It is generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, forming an essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen
Preparation Note
Prepared using TCA.
This product in solution should be dark red to reddish brown when dissolved in water at 10 mg/mL.
Other Notes
View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.
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This Item | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| assay ≥95% (SDS-PAGE) | assay ≥99% (SDS-PAGE) | assay ≥95% based on Mol. Wt. 12,327 basis | assay ≥95% (GE) |
| biological source horse heart | biological source horse heart | biological source bovine heart | biological source bovine heart |
| technique(s) cell based assay: suitable | technique(s) cell culture | mammalian: suitable | technique(s) cell based assay: suitable | technique(s) activity assay: suitable |
| mol wt 12,384 | mol wt 12,384 | mol wt 12327 Da | mol wt - |
| suitability suitable for molecular biology | suitability - | suitability suitable for molecular biology | suitability - |
| form powder | form powder | form powder or crystals | form powder or crystals |
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Storage Class
11 - Combustible Solids
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
ppe
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
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Related Content
Global Trade Item Number
| SKU | GTIN |
|---|---|
| C2506-1G | 04061835555864 |
| C2506-50MG | 04061835555888 |
| C2506-2G | 04061835521685 |
| C2506-100MG | 04061835555857 |
| C2506-500MG | 04061835555871 |
| C2506-250MG | 04061835543243 |
| C2506-5G | 04061835515868 |
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What are the chemical differences between equine and bovine heart-derived Cytochrome C for cytochrome oxidase histochemistry?
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Does the solubilized powder have a particular color (compared to bovine cytC, which has a brown color)?
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This product in solution should be dark red to reddish brown when dissolved in water at 10 mg/mL. See below for a link to the sample Certificate of Analysis:
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/certificates/sapfs/PROD/sap/certificate_pdfs/COFA/Q14/C2506-BULKSLCL7912.pdfHelpful?
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Is Product C2506, Cytochrome c, predominantly in the oxidized form or the reduced form?
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This product is predominantly (>95%) in the oxidized form.
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I see that you list several horse heart cytochrome c products. What are the differences, and which one should I choose?
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Product No. C2506 is prepared with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), whereas C7752 is prepared with the milder acetic acid. The TCA method may reduce the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD) present, but tends to cause dimerization or acid-modified structures of cytochrome c. In contrast, acetic acid preparations may have slightly higher amounts of SOD, but a lower proportion of dimeric cytochrome c. So C2506 would be recommended for enzyme activity studies that require low SOD, whereas C7752 is recommended for structural studies or binding studies, or for enzyme activity studies where possible SOD contamination is not a problem. Product No. C2867 is prepared from C2506; it is a BioUtra grade product, greater than or equal to 99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE. It is recommended when an ultra-high purity is required. Product No. C3256 is also prepared from C7752; it is isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. This fraction shows a high rate of ascorbic acid oxidation, but low activity in a cytochrome oxidase system. Product No. C7150 is also prepared from C7752; it is suitable for use as a gel filtration molecular weight marker.
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What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?
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Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.
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How should I store solutions of Product C2506, Cytochrome c?
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Our general recommendations are as follows: Store at -20 °C (freezer) for up to six months. Store at 2-8 °C (refrigerator) for up to two weeks. Store at 20-25 °C (room temperature) for up to three days. According to J. Biol. Chem, 237, 2161-2174 (1962), cytochrome c is stable to boiling, and over an unusually wide range of pH values. However, it denatures readily at extreme pH (low or high), and in high concentrations of organic solvents, such as ethanol or acetone.
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How do I determine how much of Product C2506, Cytochrome c, is in the oxidized form, and how much is reduced?
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This is determined by a spectral assay. The detailed assay procedure (operating procedure #11252) may be requested from Sigma St. Louis Technical Service ([email protected]).
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