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Merck

Dietary exposure of Nigerians to mutagens and estrogen-like chemicals.

International journal of environmental research and public health (2014-08-26)
Iyekhoetin Matthew Omoruyi, Derek Ahamioje, Raimo Pohjanvirta
要旨

Food and drinking water are poorly delineated sources of human exposure to chemical food mutagens and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In this study, we investigated the presence of mutagens and chemicals exhibiting estrogenic activity in the daily diet of Nigerians, using in vitro assays. Commercially processed foods or snacks and various brands of pure water sachets were extracted by solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, respectively. Mutagenicity was determined by the conventional Ames test and two complementary assays on two strains of Salmonella (TA 100 and TA 98), while the estrogenic activity was assessed by a yeast bioluminescent assay, using two recombinant yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae BMAEREluc/ERα and S. cerevisiae BMA64/luc). A third of the food varieties investigated (chin-chin, hamburger, suya and bean cake) were mutagenic in all three assays, either in the presence or absence of S9 mix. Of the packed water samples, five out of the sixteen investigated (31%), were found to be estrogenic, with estradiol and bisphenol A equivalents ranging from 0.79 to 44.0 ng/L and 124.2 to 1,000.8 ng/L, respectively. Hence, although the current situation in Nigeria does not appear to be substantially worse than, e.g., in Europe, regular monitoring is warranted in the future.

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製品内容

Sigma-Aldrich
ジメチルスルホキシド, Hybri-Max, sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for hybridoma, ≥99.7%
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ジメチルスルホキシド, ACS reagent, ≥99.9%
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ジメチルスルホキシド, for molecular biology
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塩化カリウム, ACS reagent, 99.0-100.5%
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ジメチルスルホキシド, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.7%
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ジメチルスルホキシド, sterile-filtered, BioPerformance Certified, meets EP, USP testing specifications, suitable for hybridoma
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リン酸カリウム 二塩基性, ACS reagent, ≥98%
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ジメチルスルホキシド, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.5%
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硫酸マグネシウム, anhydrous, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.5%
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塩化マグネシウム 六水和物, ACS reagent, 99.0-102.0%
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ジメチルスルホキシド, ≥99.5% (GC), suitable for plant cell culture
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ジメチルスルホキシド, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, ≥99.9% (GC)
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硫酸マグネシウム, anhydrous, reagent grade, ≥97%
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塩化カリウム, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, FCC, E508, 99-100.5% (AT), ≤0.0001% Al
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塩化カリウム, for molecular biology, ≥99.0%
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塩化カリウム, powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, ≥99.0%
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ジメチルスルホキシド, anhydrous, ≥99.9%
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塩化マグネシウム 六水和物, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.0%
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リン酸カリウム 二塩基性, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, anhydrous, ≥99.0% (T)
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塩化カリウム, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.0%
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ジメチルスルホキシド, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.5% (GC)
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硫酸マグネシウム, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture
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