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A DNA-based molecular probe for optically reporting cellular traction forces.

A DNA-based molecular probe for optically reporting cellular traction forces.

Nature methods (2014-10-13)

Brandon L Blakely, Christoph E Dumelin, Britta Trappmann, Lynn M McGregor, Colin K Choi, Peter C Anthony, Van K Duesterberg, Brendon M Baker, Steven M Block, David R Liu, Christopher S Chen

ABSTRACT

We developed molecular tension probes (TPs) that report traction forces of adherent cells with high spatial resolution, can in principle be linked to virtually any surface, and obviate monitoring deformations of elastic substrates. TPs consist of DNA hairpins conjugated to fluorophore-quencher pairs that unfold and fluoresce when subjected to specific forces. We applied TPs to reveal that cellular traction forces are heterogeneous within focal adhesions and localized at their distal edges.

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Acetonitrile, suitable for HPLC, gradient grade, ≥99.9%

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Metanolo, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%

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Ethyl alcohol, Pure 200 proof, for molecular biology

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Dimetil solfossido, Hybri-Max^™, sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for hybridoma, ≥99.7%

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Dimetil solfossido, ACS reagent, ≥99.9%

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Acido trifluoroacetico, ReagentPlus^®, 99%

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Acido trifluoroacetico, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.0%

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Dimetil solfossido, for molecular biology

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Metanolo, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%

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Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

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Acido acetico, glacial, ACS reagent, ≥99.7%

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Dimetil solfossido, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.7%

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Acetonitrile, HPLC Plus, ≥99.9%

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Dimetil solfossido, sterile-filtered, BioPerformance Certified, meets EP, USP testing specifications, suitable for hybridoma

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Acido acetico, glacial, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99%

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Dimetil solfossido, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99.5%

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Metanolo, HPLC Plus, ≥99.9%

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Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, meets USP testing specifications

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Acido trifluoroacetico, puriss. p.a., suitable for HPLC, ≥99.0% (GC)

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Dimetil solfossido, ≥99.5% (GC), suitable for plant cell culture

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Acetonitrile, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

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Formamide, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99.0% (GC)

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Ethyl alcohol, Pure 190 proof, for molecular biology

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Cloruro di magnesio, for molecular biology, 1.00 M±0.01 M

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Urea, powder, BioReagent, for molecular biology, suitable for cell culture

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Cloruro di magnesio, anhydrous, ≥98%

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Acetonitrile, suitable for HPLC, gradient grade, ≥99.9%

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DL-Dithiothreitol solution, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ~1 M in H₂O

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Acido acetico, glacial, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

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N-Hydroxysuccinimide, 98%