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C2867
Citocromo c
BioUltra, ≥99% (SDS-PAGE), powder, suitable for mammalian cell culture
Sinônimo(s):
Citocromo c
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10 MG
R$ 1.538,00
50 MG
R$ 6.127,00
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10 MG
R$ 1.538,00
50 MG
R$ 6.127,00
About This Item
Produtos recomendados
fonte biológica
horse heart
Nível de qualidade
linha de produto
BioUltra
Ensaio
≥99% (SDS-PAGE)
Formulário
powder
peso molecular
12,384
condição de armazenamento
(Tightly closed Dry)
técnica(s)
cell culture | mammalian: suitable
solubilidade
water: 10 mg/mL, dark red-brown
nº de adesão UniProt
temperatura de armazenamento
−20°C
Informações sobre genes
horse ... CYCS(100053958)
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Descrição geral
Aplicação
Foram caracterizados os sítios específicos e a extensão da oxidação no citocromo c de cavalos tratado com H2O2 e UV. Sugeriu-se que o estado desses sítios poderia ser usado como biomarcador do ambiente oxidativo em uma célula.
Cytochrome c from equine heart has been used to prepare a stock solution for synthesizing and calibrating biotinylated cytochrome c.[3] It has also been used as a component of the reaction buffer to stain electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV and determine its activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis.[4]
Ações bioquímicas/fisiológicas
Cytochrome C (Cyt C) acts as a potent signaling molecule of apoptosis by activating caspase 3, a death protease. It plays a role in heme-binding with the help of cytochrome c heme lyase which facilitates its release into the mitochondrial intermembrane space.[1] Cyt C also exhibits lipid-binding by interacting with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that initiates protein unfolding and activates the peroxidase function in Cyt C.[5]
O citocromo c é conhecido principalmente como uma proteína mitocondrial que carrega elétrons. A transição do citocromo c entre os estados ferroso e férrico dentro da célula fazem dele um eficiente transportador biológico de elétrons, com um papel vital em oxidações celulares em plantas e animais. De modo geral, ele é considerado um catalisador universal da respiração, formando uma ponte de elétrons essencial entre os substratos respiráveis e o oxigênio
Nota de preparo
A further purification of C2506
Prepared using TCA.
Outras notas
Veja mais informações sobre o citocromo c e o transporte de elétrons no site www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.
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Aplicação
Nº do produto
Descrição
Preços
Código de classe de armazenamento
11 - Combustible Solids
Classe de risco de água (WGK)
WGK 3
Ponto de fulgor (°F)
Not applicable
Ponto de fulgor (°C)
Not applicable
Equipamento de proteção individual
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
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Yuning Hong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(45), 18713-18723 (2012-10-17)
Interactions of cytochrome c (cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) partially unfold the protein, activating its peroxidase function, a critical event in the execution of apoptosis. However, structural features of the altered protein species in the heterogeneous ensemble are difficult to
Bradford G Hill et al.
Free radical biology & medicine, 47(6), 675-683 (2009-06-17)
Protein thiol modifications occur under both physiological and pathological conditions and have been shown to contribute to changes in protein structure, function, and redox signaling. The majority of protein thiol modifications occur on cysteine residues that have a low pK(a);
Luz P Blanco et al.
Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 73(12), 2282-2292 (2021-05-14)
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular lattices composed of nucleic material bound to neutrophil granule proteins. NETs may play pathogenic roles in the development and severity of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), at least in part, through
Nadia Bertola et al.
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 12(5) (2023-05-27)
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a dysfunctional DNA repair and an oxidative stress accumulation due to defective mitochondrial energy metabolism, not counteracted by endogenous antioxidant defenses, which appear down-expressed compared to the control. Since the
Han Xie et al.
Redox biology, 53, 102340-102340 (2022-05-25)
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are possibly induced by the crosstalk between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula, which is physiologically important in apoptosis. Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is believed to play a crucial role in such signaling pathway by interrupting
Chromatograms
application for HPLCapplication for HPLCapplication for HPLC-
What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?
1 answer-
Helpful?
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I see that you list several horse heart cytochrome c products. What are the differences, and which one should I choose?
1 answer-
Product No. C2506 is prepared with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), whereas C7752 is prepared with the milder acetic acid. The TCA method may reduce the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD) present, but tends to cause dimerization or acid-modified structures of cytochrome c. In contrast, acetic acid preparations may have slightly higher amounts of SOD, but a lower proportion of dimeric cytochrome c. So C2506 would be recommended for enzyme activity studies that require low SOD, whereas C7752 is recommended for structural studies or binding studies, or for enzyme activity studies where possible SOD contamination is not a problem. Product No. C2867 is prepared from C2506; it is a BioUtra grade product, greater than or equal to 99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE. It is recommended when an ultra-high purity is required. Product No. C3256 is also prepared from C7752; it is isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. This fraction shows a high rate of ascorbic acid oxidation, but low activity in a cytochrome oxidase system. Product No. C7150 is also prepared from C7752; it is suitable for use as a gel filtration molecular weight marker.
Helpful?
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How do I determine how much of Product C2867, Cytochrome c, is in the oxidized form, and how much is reduced?
1 answer-
This is determined by a spectral assay. The detailed assay procedure (operating procedure #11252) may be requested from Sigma St. Louis Technical Service ([email protected]).
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How should I store solutions of Product C2867, Cytochrome c?
1 answer-
Our general recommendations are as follows: Store at -20 °C (freezer) for up to six months. Store at 2-8 °C (refrigerator) for up to two weeks. Store at 20-25 °C (room temperature) for up to three days. According to J. Biol. Chem, 237, 2161-2174 (1962), cytochrome c is stable to boiling, and over an unusually wide range of pH values. However, it denatures readily at extreme pH (low or high), and in high concentrations of organic solvents, such as ethanol or acetone.
Helpful?
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Is Product C2867, Cytochrome c, predominantly in the oxidized form or the reduced form?
1 answer-
This product is predominantly (>95%) in the oxidized form.
Helpful?
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