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CO₂ controlled flocculation of microalgae using pH responsive cellulose nanocrystals.

CO₂ controlled flocculation of microalgae using pH responsive cellulose nanocrystals.

Nanoscale (2015-08-08)

Samuel Eyley, Dries Vandamme, Sanjaya Lama, Guy Van den Mooter, Koenraad Muylaert, Wim Thielemans

ABSTRACT

Cellulose nanocrystals were grafted with imidazole functionalities up to DS 0.06 using a one-pot functionalization strategy. The resulting nanocrystals were shown to have a pH responsive surface charge which was found to be positive below pH 6 and negative above pH 7. These imidazolyl cellulose nanocrystals were tested for flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris using CO2 to induce flocculation. Up to 90% flocculation efficiency was achieved with 200 mg L(-1) dose. Furthermore, the modified cellulose nanocrystals showed good compatibility with the microalgae during cultivation, giving potential for the production of reversible flocculation systems.

MATERIALI

N° Catalogo

Marchio

Descrizione del prodotto

Sigma-Aldrich

Idrossido di sodio, BioUltra, for molecular biology, 10 M in H₂O

Sigma-Aldrich

Imidazolo, ReagentPlus^®, 99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Acido cloridrico, 1.0 N, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture

Sigma-Aldrich

Acido solforico, 99.999%

Sigma-Aldrich

Idrossido di sodio, 1.0 N, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture

Sigma-Aldrich

Acido cloridrico, 36.5-38.0%, BioReagent, for molecular biology

Sigma-Aldrich

Imidazolo, for molecular biology, ≥99% (titration)

Supelco

Acido cloridrico, volumetric, 0.1 M HCl (0.1N), endotoxin free

Sigma-Aldrich

N,N-dimetilformammide, for molecular biology, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Imidazole buffer Solution, BioUltra, 1 M in H₂O

Sigma-Aldrich

Imidazolo, BioUltra, ≥99.5% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodio idrossido, BioUltra, for luminescence, ≥98.0% (T), pellets

Sigma-Aldrich

Acido cloridrico, ~6 M in H₂O, for amino acid analysis

Sigma-Aldrich

Cloruro di idrogeno, 3 M in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)

Sigma-Aldrich

Imidazolo, ACS reagent, ≥99% (titration)

Sigma-Aldrich

Acido cloridrico, 32 wt. % in H₂O, FCC

Sigma-Aldrich

Piridina, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

4-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid, 97%

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodio idrossido, ultra dry, powder or crystals, 99.99% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Bromuro di potassio, BioUltra, ≥99.5% (AT)

Sigma-Aldrich

Imidazolo, ≥99% (titration), crystalline

Sigma-Aldrich

Bromuro di potassio, anhydrous, powder, 99.999% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Bromuro di potassio, anhydrous, powder, 99.95% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Imidazolo, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.5% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

Imidazolo, puriss. p.a., ≥99.5% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride, reagent grade, ≥98%

Sigma-Aldrich

Imidazolo, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri^™, ACS reagent, ≥99%

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Sodium hydroxide-¹⁶O solution, 20 wt. % in H₂¹⁶O, 99.9 atom % ¹⁶O

Sigma-Aldrich

3-Ethyl-2,4-pentanedione, mixture of tautomers, 98%