A recent review of the effects of PIKFYVE inhibitors on selectively terminating autophagy-dependent cancer cells points out that all of these inhibitors have secondary targets, but those of WX8 allow it to selectively kill PIKFYVE-dependent cancer cells (PMID: 38994949, PMCID: PMC11240546, DOI: 10.3390/cells13131096). Based on their chemical structures, PIKFYVE inhibitors can be categorized into four groups. At low concentrations, they all suppress cell proliferation by inhibiting PIKFYVE. At higher concentrations, they all increase the level of endoplasmic reticulum stress which triggers non-canonical apoptosis by inhibiting both PIKFYVE and their secondary targets (Table 1).
PIKFYVE inhibitors such as WX8 (group A) target PIKFYVE-dependent cells at both low and high concentrations, whereas PIKFYVE inhibitors such as PY201636, APY0201 and ESK981 (groups B, C and D) target PIKFYVE-dependent cells at low concentrations, but both PIKFYVE-dependent cells and ‘normal’ non-malignant cells at higher concentrations. These distinctions result from their ability to suppress synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). The PIP2 phosphoinositide is essential for lysosome homeostasis and autophagy. The PIP3 phosphoinositide promotes cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival.
In ‘normal’ cells, two pathways exist for biosynthesis of PIP2 and PIP3 (Fig. 1). PIP2 biosynthesis occurs predominantly by conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PI) into PI4P which is then converted into PIP2 predominantly by the PIP5K1C phosphoinositide kinase. PIP3 is then synthesized from PIP2 by PIK3C phosphoinositide kinases. A minor pathway also exists in which PI is converted into PIP2 by the actions of PIKFYVE and PIP4K2C. However, PIKFYVE-dependent cancer cells depend on both PIKFYVE and PIP4K2C for synthesis of PIP2, because they are deficient in PIP5K1C (PMID: 36803256, PMCID: PMC10392749, DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2182594). Thus, WX8 (group A) selectively kills cells that depend on PIKFYVE and PIP4K2C for PIP2 biosynthesis; it does not interfere with biosynthesis of either PIP2 or PIP3 in normal cells. In contrast, higher concentrations of APY0201 (group B) and YM201636 (group C) target PIK3C as well as PIKFYVE. Therefore, higher concentrations they will inhibit PIP3 biosynthesis in normal cells as well as cancer cells. Similarly, higher concentrations of ESK981 (group D) target PIP5K1C as well as PIKFYVE. Therefore, higher concentrations will inhibit biosynthesis of both PIP2 and PIP3 in normal cells as well as cancer cells.
SML3288
WX8
WX8
≥98% (HPLC)
Sinonimo/i:
1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde [4-anilino-6-(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazone, 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, [4-(4-morpholinyl)-6-(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazone, Ro 91-4714, Ro-91-4714
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About This Item
Formula empirica (notazione di Hill):
C22H22N8O
Numero CAS:
Peso molecolare:
414.46
Codice UNSPSC:
12352200
NACRES:
NA.77
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Livello qualitativo
Saggio
≥98% (HPLC)
Stato
powder
Colore
white to beige
Solubilità
DMSO: 2 mg/mL, clear
Temperatura di conservazione
2-8°C
Stringa SMILE
C1(NC2=CC=CC=C2)=NC(N/N=C/C3=CNC4=C3C=CC=C4)=NC(N5CCOCC5)=N1
InChI
NJIKLALXAPYTCW-BUVRLJJBSA-N
Azioni biochim/fisiol
Selective phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve inhibitor with higher antiproliferation potency in A375 cultures than YM201636, chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine.
WX8 (Ro 91-4714) is a selective phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve inhibitor that disrupts lysosome fission via tubulation, lysosomal trafficking, and heterotypic lysosomes-autophagosomes fusion (0.1-1 µM; U2OS), but not homotypic lysosome fusion. WX8 exhibits cancer-selective antiproliferation activity (IC50 = 48 nM/A375, 200 nM/U2OS; IC50 >10 µM/non-cancer 293T & HFF) with a higher potency than the PIKfyve inhibitor YM201636, or the lysosomal inhibitors chloroquine & hydroxychloroquine (A375 IC50 = 119 nM, 1.7 µM, 1.9 µM, repectively).
Codice della classe di stoccaggio
11 - Combustible Solids
Classe di pericolosità dell'acqua (WGK)
WGK 3
Punto d’infiammabilità (°F)
Not applicable
Punto d’infiammabilità (°C)
Not applicable
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Ajit Roy et al.
Molecular oncology, 18(4), 988-1011 (2024-02-28)
Inhibitors specifically targeting the 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKFYVE) disrupt lysosome homeostasis, thereby selectively terminating autophagy-dependent human cancer cells in vivo as well as in vitro without harming the viability of nonmalignant cells. To elucidate the mechanism by which PIKFYVE inhibition
Ajit Roy et al.
Autophagy, 19(9), 2464-2484 (2023-02-22)
Although PIKFYVE phosphoinositide kinase inhibitors can selectively eliminate PIKFYVE-dependent human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, the basis for this selectivity has remained elusive. Here we show that the sensitivity of cells to the PIKFYVE inhibitor WX8 is not
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WX8 Selectively Kills PIKFYVE-Dependent Cancer Cells
- Received an incentive for this review
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