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Solubility and thermodynamic function of vanillin in ten different environmentally benign solvents.

Solubility and thermodynamic function of vanillin in ten different environmentally benign solvents.

Food chemistry (2015-03-15)

Faiyaz Shakeel, Nazrul Haq, Nasir A Siddiqui

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

The solubility of vanillin in ten different environmentally benign solvents namely water, ethanol, ethylene glycol (EG), ethyl acetate (EA), isopropanol (IPA), propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), Transcutol, butanol-1 and butanol-2 was measured and correlated at T=(298-318)K. The resulting experimental data were correlated with the modified Apelblat and Van't Hoff models. Both the models showed good correlation of experimental solubility data with calculated ones with root mean square deviations in the range of (0.08-1.55)%. The mole fraction solubility of vanillin was observed highest in PEG-400 (4.29 × 10(-1) at 298 K) followed by Transcutol, EA, butanol-2, ethanol, EG, PG, IPA, butanol-1 and water from T=(298-318)K. The results of thermodynamic function in terms of dissolution enthalpy, Gibbs energy and dissolution entropy showed endothermic, spontaneous and entropy-driven dissolution of vanillin in all environmentally benign solvents.

MATERIALIEN

Produktnummer

Marke

Produktbeschreibung

Sigma-Aldrich

Acetonitril, suitable for HPLC, gradient grade, ≥99.9%

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Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, for molecular biology

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Aceton, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

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Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

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Aceton, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%

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Acetonitril, HPLC Plus, ≥99.9%

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Aceton, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, ≥99.9%

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Acetonitril, anhydrous, 99.8%

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1-Butanol, 99.9%

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Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, meets USP testing specifications

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Acetonitril, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

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Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 190 proof, for molecular biology

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1-Butanol, ACS reagent, ≥99.4%

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Acetonitril, suitable for HPLC, gradient grade, ≥99.9%

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1-Butanol, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.7%

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Ethanol, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.8%, (absolute alcohol, without additive, A15 o¹)

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2-Butanol, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99%

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Propylenglycol, ≥99.5% (GC), FCC, FG

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Aceton, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

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1,2-Propandiol, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

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1-Butanol, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99.5% (GC)

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1,3-Propandiol, 98%

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USP

Aceton, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

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Vanillin, ReagentPlus^®, 99%

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Supelco

Vanillin Schmelzpunktstandard, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

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