什麼是白蛋白？
白蛋白的分子量是多少？
白蛋白的分子量因白蛋白的種類而異。成熟的人類白蛋白由 585 個氨基酸組成，分子質量為 66 kDa。
白蛋白有哪些不同類型？
最著名的白蛋白類型是 human, recombinant。其他白蛋白包括 chicken, mouse, porcine。
什麼是 BSA？
牛血清白蛋白（BSA）是一種常用的小分子（~66 kDa）球狀白蛋白，它能結合、封存和穩定一系列重要的分子和蛋白質。它被廣泛地用作細胞培養基的添加劑，尤其是無血清培養基，並提供一系列的好處，包括保護細胞免於氧化損傷，以及穩定其他培養基成分，例如脂肪酸和吡哆醛。
我們的 BSA 產品已被用於細胞培養、IHC、ELISA 等許多應用領域，並在同行評論文章中發表。我們提供各式各樣的 BSA 產品，以滿足您的研究和製造需求。
白蛋白是如何形成的？
白蛋白在肝臟中由肝細胞合成，然後迅速排入血流，只有很少的白蛋白儲存在肝臟中。白蛋白可作為人體血漿滲透壓的調節劑，並可轉運內源性和外源性配體，例如藥物。在臨床醫學中，人體血清白蛋白的測量可作為個別病患營養狀況的指標。
人類白蛋白和 BSA 的結構是什麼？
人類白蛋白的氨基酸序列和結構已經確定。人類白蛋白是一種不含碳水化合物的蛋白質。它是單一的多肽鏈，在殘基 # 34 上有一個游離的巯基，鏈內有 17 個二硫鍵。
BSA 含有約 583 個胺基酸殘基，在單一的多肽鏈內沒有碳水化合物。它在 pH 5-7 時含有 17 個鏈間二硫橋和 1 個巯基。
白蛋白的臨床意義是什麼？
血液中的白蛋白水平可用於診斷各種疾病，包括肝病、腎病和營養不良。血液中的白蛋白含量低可能表示肝臟或腎臟受損，而含量高則表示脫水。
白蛋白在實驗室有哪些常見用途？
白蛋白如何影響血液的滲透壓？
Albumins 負責防止血液中的水分流失，從而維持血液的滲透壓。它們透過極性和帶電荷的氨基酸殘基吸引水分子，從而達到這個目的。
如何純化白蛋白？
從各種方法純化的白蛋白，包括真正的 heat shock, 色譜法，以及改良乙醇分餾法。其他純化步驟可能包括炭過濾和結晶。
牛血清白蛋白的純化方法和應用參考資料
牛血清白蛋白的純化方法和應用參考資料 |
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牛血清白蛋白是如何製造的？
白蛋白的分離和純化相對簡單。最早的分離方法之一是將血清對水進行大量透析，去除大部分球蛋白。第二種方法是利用白蛋白在低到中等濃度的硫酸銨中有良好的溶解性，並透過降低 pH 值來達到沉澱的效果。此外，還採用了電泳分離法和親和層析法。
最初的分離是透過熱處理或酒精沉澱來完成。目前大多數商品化的製劑都是透過酒精沉澱（E. J. Cohn 和他的同事在 1940 年代開發的方法）（"馏分 V" 產生純度約 96% 的白蛋白）或熱處理來製備。額外的雜質去除可透過結晶、製備性電泳、離子交換層析、親和層析（例如 ConA-agarose 可去除糖蛋白）、熱處理（去除球蛋白）、低 pH 處理、木炭處理、有機溶劑沉澱（即異辛烷）及低溫處理。木炭處理和有機溶劑沉澱可去除脂肪酸。
白蛋白可以變性嗎？
是的，蛋白質會因 pH 值、溫度和離子強度的變化而變性。變性會使蛋白質失去其功能特性。
牛血清白蛋白溶解度
白蛋白易溶於水，只有高濃度的中性鹽（如硫酸銨）才能使其沉澱。BSA 的溶液穩定性非常好（特別是當溶液以冷藏等分的形式儲存時）。事實上，白蛋白經常被用作其他溶解蛋白質（如易變性酵素）的穩定劑。然而，白蛋白容易受熱凝固。當加熱至 50 °C 或以上時，白蛋白會迅速形成疏水聚合體，冷卻時不會回復為單體。在較低的溫度下也會發生聚集，但速度相對較慢。
牛血清白蛋白 物理特性
白蛋白如何與其他分子互動？
Albumins 可與多種分子結合，包括脂肪酸、荷爾蒙和藥物。它們通過疏水和靜電相互作用來達到此目的。
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