Melatonin and its metabolites are being studied for their antioxidant properties and their protective effects against oxidative stress in both mammals and in plants. N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) and its direct precursor N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) are two metabolites that contribute to the antioxidant properties of melatonin.
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Metabolomics research
Azioni biochim/fisiol
AFMK is a melatonin metabolite first detected in rat brain; demonstrates antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities in several experimental models; inhibits LPS-mediated production of TNFα and IL-8 in neutrophils; useful tool in the study of melatonin metabolism.
Journal of pineal research, 70(1), e12703-e12703 (2020-10-31)
Melatonin (MEL) has been reported to enhance cognitive processes, making it a potential treatment for cognitive decline. However, the role of MEL's metabolites, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), in these effects are unknown. The current study directly investigated the acute
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 105(2), 376-391 (2020-07-10)
Melatonin is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. In this review, the biosynthesis, levels, signaling, and possible roles of melatonin and its metabolites in plants is summarized. Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), which catalyzes the conversion of tryptamine into
Melatonin is catabolized both enzymatically and nonenzymatically. Nonenzymatic processes mediated by free radicals, singlet oxygen, other reactive intermediates such as HOCl and peroxynitrite, or pseudoenzymatic mechanisms are not species- or tissue-specific, but vary considerably in their extent. Higher rates of
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