Lignocellulosic ethanol production at high-gravity: challenges and perspectives.

Lignocellulosic ethanol production at high-gravity: challenges and perspectives.

Trends in biotechnology (2013-11-16)

Rakesh Koppram, Elia Tomás-Pejó, Charilaos Xiros, Lisbeth Olsson

要旨

In brewing and ethanol-based biofuel industries, high-gravity fermentation produces 10-15% (v/v) ethanol, resulting in improved overall productivity, reduced capital cost, and reduced energy input compared to processing at normal gravity. High-gravity technology ensures a successful implementation of cellulose to ethanol conversion as a cost-competitive process. Implementation of such technologies is possible if all process steps can be performed at high biomass concentrations. This review focuses on challenges and technological efforts in processing at high-gravity conditions and how these conditions influence the physiology and metabolism of fermenting microorganisms, the action of enzymes, and other process-related factors. Lignocellulosic materials add challenges compared to implemented processes due to high inhibitors content and the physical properties of these materials at high gravity.

材料

製品番号

ブランド

製品内容

E7023

Sigma-Aldrich

エチルアルコール（純粋）

09-0770

Sigma-Aldrich

エタノール, JIS special grade, ≥99.5%

362808

Sigma-Aldrich

Reagent Alcohol, reagent grade

09-0780

Sigma-Aldrich

エタノール, SAJ first grade, ≥99.5%

493511

Sigma-Aldrich

エチルアルコール（純粋）, 190 proof, ACS spectrophotometric grade, 95.0%

02857

Sigma-Aldrich

エタノール, purum, fine spirit, denaturated with 4.8% methanol, F25 METHYL¹, ~96% (based on denaturant-free substance)

E-029

Supelco

エタノール-50, 50 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-040

Supelco

エタノール-10, 10 mg/dL in H₂O, pack of 10 × 1.2 mL ampules, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

48075

Supelco

エタノール溶液, certified reference material, 2000 μg/mL in methanol

32221

Sigma-Aldrich

エタノール, puriss. p.a., absolute, ≥99.8% (GC)

E-030

Supelco

エタノール-80, 80 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-053

Supelco

エタノール-500, 500 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-031

Supelco

エタノール-100 (10アンプル／キット), 100 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-033

Supelco

エタノール-300, 300 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E2385

Supelco

エタノール標準品10% (v/v), 10 % (v/v) in H₂O, analytical standard

E-041

Supelco

エタノール-150, 150 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

09-0851

Sigma-Aldrich

エタノール, ≥99.5%, suitable for HPLC

E-032

Supelco

エタノール-200（10アンプル／キット）, 200 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

09-0790

Sigma-Aldrich

エタノール, JIS special grade, 94.8-95.8%

09-0852

Sigma-Aldrich

エタノール, ≥99.5%

E-056

Supelco

エタノール-20（10アンプル／キット）, 20 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-035

Supelco

エタノール溶液, 25 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-036

Supelco

エタノール-400（10アンプル／キット）, 400 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-034

Supelco

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E-045

Supelco

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09-0800

Sigma-Aldrich

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676829

Sigma-Aldrich

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