Potent and selective potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 inhibitor with greatly enhanced potency than its structural analogs VU0255011/ML077 & VU0240511.
VU0463271 is a potent and selective potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) inhibitor that displays greatly enhanced potency than its structural analogs VU0255011 (ML077) & VU0240511 (IC50 = 61, 537, and 568 nM, respectively). VU0463271 exhibits much reduced efficacy against the related Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1 inhibition max ~37% at 100 μM) and little affinity toward a panel of 68 GPCRs, ion channels, and transporters. Although VU0463271 is reported to exhibit affinity toward mitochondrial translocator protein TSPO (IC50 of 204 nM against PK11195 binding; rat heart) and inhibitory potency against α1B adrenergic receptor (IC50 of 364.7 nM; human α1B CHO transfectants), these proteins are not known to affect chloride homeostasis.
Chloride regulation affects brain function in many ways, for instance, by dictating the GABAergic reversal potential, and thereby influencing neuronal excitability and spike timing. Consistent with this, there is increasing evidence implicating chloride in a range of neurological conditions. Investigations
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and temporal lobe epilepsy exhibit remarkable comorbidity, but for reasons not clearly understood. To reveal a common pathophysiological mechanism, we here describe and characterize an in vitro epileptiform activity in the rat hippocampus that exhibits common
Impaired neuronal inhibition has long been associated with the increased probability of seizure occurrence and heightened seizure severity. Fast synaptic inhibition in the brain is primarily mediated by the type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAARs), ligand-gated ion channels that can
Further chemical optimization of the MLSCN/MLPCN probe ML077 (KCC2 IC(50)=537 nM) proved to be challenging as the effort was characterized by steep SAR. However, a multi-dimensional iterative parallel synthesis approach proved productive. Herein we report the discovery and SAR of
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 38(5), 1232-1248 (2017-12-24)
Maintenance of a low intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) is critical for enabling inhibitory neuronal responses to GABAA receptor-mediated signaling. Cl- transporters, including KCC2, and extracellular impermeant anions ([A]o) of the extracellular matrix are both proposed to be important regulators of
