Poloxamers are nonionic, triblock copolymers containg a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and two terminal hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Due to their amphiphilic structure, poloxamer solutions feature temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of poloxamers are liquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature, in a reversible process. This characteristic has allowed for these materials to be used as drug carriers for most routes of administration including oral, topical, intranasal, ocular, and parenteral. Methacrylate-modified derivatives are most commonly used as thermosensitive hydrogels for drug delivery and 3D bioprinting applications. After casting or printing, the material can be crosslinked to preserve the hydrogel structure.
Bioprinting is an emerging technology in the field of tissue engineering as it allows the precise positioning of biologically relevant materials in 3D, which more resembles the native tissue in our body than current homogenous, bulk approaches. There is however
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 105(12), 3231-3241 (2017-08-07)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a very attractive cell source for tissue engineering applications aiming at the generation of artificial bone substitutes. The use of three-dimensional bioprinting technologies has the potential to improve the classical tissue engineering approach because bioprinting
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