Galactose, a member of a group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars (monosaccharides). It is usually found in nature combined with other sugars, as, for example, in lactose (milk sugar). Galactose is also found in complex carbohydrates (see polysaccharide) and in carbohydrate-containing lipids called glycolipids. It is used as a source of carbon and contributes to energy metabolism via its conversion to glucose by the enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway. It is used in various media for the cultivation of bacteria and fungi. The metabolic steps of D-galactose utilization are catalysed by the GalK (galactokinase), GalT (galactose 1-phosphateuridylyl transferase), and GalE (UDP-galactose-4-epimerase) proteins.
应用
Galactose can be used as a carbohydrate source for diverse organisms for example lactobacilli, coliforms, Salmonella and streptococci. It is a simple monosaccharide that serves as an energy and carbon source for the cultivation of various of bacteria, fungi and yeasts in many industries such as food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) harboring ade1 or ade2 mutations manifest red colony color phenotype on rich yeast medium YPD. In these mutants, intermediate metabolites of adenine biosynthesis pathway are accumulated. Accumulated intermediates, in the presence of reduced glutathione
Journal of biotechnology, 314-315, 34-40 (2020-04-17)
Glycosylation of therapeutic glycoproteins significantly affects their physico-chemical properties, bioactivity and immunogenicity. The determination of glycan composition is highly important regarding their development and production. Therefore, there is a demand for analytical techniques enabling rapid and reliable glycoprofiling of therapeutic
The plant cell wall is a complex network of polysaccharides and proteins that provides strength and structural integrity to plant cells, as well as playing a vital role in growth, development, and defense response. Cell wall polysaccharides can be broadly
Glycosylation of biopharmaceuticals can mediate cell specific delivery by targeting carbohydrate receptors. Additionally, glycosylation can improve the physico-chemical (drug-like) properties of peptide based drug candidates. The main purpose of this study was to examine if glycosylation of the peptide enkephalin
Previous studies have indicated that adiponectin (APN) protects against cardiac remodeling, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate how APN regulates inflammatory responses and cardiac fibrosis in response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Male APN
Culture media provides a habitat with suitable nutrients, energy sources, and certain environmental conditions for the growth of microorganisms. The components of the culture media range from simple sugars to peptones, salts, antibiotics, and complex indicators.
