Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a T cell derived chemokine that stimulates the Th2 mediated immune response and proliferation of B cells. The effects of IL-4 are mediated by two types of receptors, type I receptor consisting of IL-4Rα and common γ chain and type II receptor composed of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1. The signalling stimulated by IL-4R leads to activation of JAK/STAT6 and IRS-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. Through these pathways, IL-4 is responsible for endocytic activity of macrophages, chemotaxis of leukocytes in response to inflammation, angiogenesis and regulation of nitric oxide metabolism in macrophages. Anti-tumor effects of IL-4R signaling have been reported in cancers of breast, liver and renal cells Anti-Interleukin-4 soluble receptor specifically recognizes human cell surface IL-4R.
Specificità
The antibody will neutralize human cell surface IL-4 receptor mediated-bioactivity.
Immunogeno
recombinant human IL-4 soluble receptor (IL-4 sR), expressed in Sf 21 insect cells.
Applicazioni
Anti-Interleukin-4 soluble receptor antibody may be used for immunoblotting at a working concentration of 1-2 μg/ml. For ELISA, a working concentration of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml is recommended. The antibody is suitable for neutralization reactions at a working concentration of 5-10 μg/ml. This antibody was used for immunostaining of parasympathetic neurons from guinea pig and human neuroblastoma cells at a dilution of 1:200.
Stato fisico
Lyophilized from 51.5 μL of a 0.2μm filitered solution in PBS (pH7.4) with 5% trehalose.
The Journal of clinical investigation, 116(1), 228-236 (2005-12-24)
Eosinophils cluster around airway nerves in patients with fatal asthma and in antigen-challenged animals. Activated eosinophils release major basic protein, which blocks inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors (M2Rs) on nerves, increasing acetylcholine release and potentiating vagally mediated bronchoconstriction. We tested whether
The Journal of experimental medicine, 176(1), 287-292 (1992-07-01)
Expression of the macrophage mannose receptor is inhibited by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), a T helper type 1 (Th-1)-derived lymphokine. Interleukin 4 (IL-4), a Th-2 lymphocyte product, upregulates major histocompatibility class II antigen expression but inhibits inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages.
European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 19(115), 46-54 (2010-10-20)
Asthma is a complex, persistent, inflammatory disease characterised by airway hyperresponsiveness in association with airway inflammation. Studies suggest that regular use of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators or omalizumab (a humanised monoclonal antibody that binds to immunoglobulin E and
Trends in immunology, 25(12), 677-686 (2004-11-09)
Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Here we review emerging key properties of different forms of macrophage activation and polarization (M1, M2a, M2b, M2c), which represent extremes of a continuum. In particular, recent evidence suggests
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NO is a labile radical involved in several immunological, antimicrobial and inflammatory processes. In macrophages, NO formation is catalyzed by the cytokine-inducible enzyme inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The importance of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1 and of the signal transducers and
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