Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine is a primary human metabolite formed from phenylacetate in presence of glutamine in the liver. It is also considered as a gut-microbiome derived uremic toxin. Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine urine levels serve as an effective biomarker for the excretion of nitrogenous waste. Also, peripheral artery disease patients exhibit higher circulating concentration of phenylacetyl-L-glutamine, and high plasma phenylacetyl-L-glutamine levels are associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Phenylacetyl-ʟ-glutamine is a versatile compound that finds application in microbiome and metabolomics research.
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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by the atherosclerotic narrowing of lower limb vessels, leading to ischemic muscle pain in older persons. Some patients experience progression to advanced chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) with poor long-term survivorship. Herein, we performed serum
Gut microbial metabolism is not only an important source of uremic toxins but may also help to maintain the vitamin K stores of the host. We hypothesized that sevelamer therapy, a commonly used phosphate binder in patients with end-stage kidney
Using untargeted metabolomics (n = 1,162 subjects), the plasma metabolite (m/z = 265.1188) phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) was discovered and then shown in an independent cohort (n = 4,000 subjects) to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction
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