The biosynthesis of carnitine proceeds from trimethyllysine (TML) by beta-hydroxylation by a liver or kidney mitochondrial enzyme, which requires oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate, ferrous iron, and ascorbate. This dioxygenase is rapidly inactivated by preincubation with Fe2+, but not Fe3+. The evidence suggests
Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 5(4), 251-254 (1983-01-01)
The effects of GABA, its quaternary derivative N-trimethyl GABA and quinidine have been studied in a model of ventricular automaticity induced in the isolated right ventricle of the rat. GABA shows low anti-automatic activity. N-trimethyl GABA and quinidine were, however
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 797(1), 136-139 (1984-01-24)
The effect of ascorbate deficiency on carnitine biosynthesis was investigated in young male guinea pigs. Liver and skeletal muscle carnitine levels were reduced in scorbutic animals. Heart and kidney concentrations remained unchanged. 14C-labeled 4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate was administered to control, pair-fed and
Cellular uptake by macrophages and ensuing clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system stands as a significant biological barrier for nanoparticle therapeutics. While there is a growing body of work investigating the design principles essential for imparting nanomaterials with long-circulating characteristics
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