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77170

Pepstatin A

≥100,000 U/mg

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Pack SizeSKUAvailabilityPrice
5 mg

Available to ship TODAYfromMILWAUKEE

$96.70
10 mg

Available to ship TODAYfromMILWAUKEE

$170.00
50 mg

Available to ship TODAYfromMILWAUKEE

$613.00

About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C34H63N5O9
CAS Number:
26305-03-3
Molecular Weight:
685.89
UNSPSC Code:
12352202
NACRES:
NA.77
PubChem Substance ID:
57652681
EC Number:
247-600-0
Beilstein/REAXYS Number:
2201362
MDL number:
MFCD00060740

$96.70

Available to ship TODAYDetails

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biological source

Streptomyces sp.

Quality Segment

100

form

powder

specific activity

≥100,000 U/mg

mp

233 °C (dec.) (lit.)

solubility

ethanol: soluble 1 mg/mL

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)C[C@H](O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CC(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O

InChI

1S/C34H63N5O9/c1-17(2)12-23(37-33(47)31(21(9)10)39-34(48)30(20(7)8)38-27(42)14-19(5)6)25(40)15-28(43)35-22(11)32(46)36-24(13-18(3)4)26(41)16-29(44)45/h17-26,30-31,40-41H,12-16H2,1-11H3,(H,35,43)(H,36,46)(H,37,47)(H,38,42)(H,39,48)(H,44,45)/t22-,23-,24-,25-,26-,30-,31-/m0/s1

InChI key

FAXGPCHRFPCXOO-LXTPJMTPSA-N

Application

Pepstatin A is suitable for use:
  • in the inhibitor cocktail in fluorometric matrix metalloproteinase assay[1]
  • as a protease inhibitor during homogenization of tissue[2]
  • as a protease inhibitor during extraction of cells[3]
  • to determine the molar concentrations of cathepsin D by titration with pepstatin A[4]
  • in inhibiting cathepsin D[5]
It can be used in conjunction with E64-d and Leupeptin A to inhibit the degradation of autophagic cargo inside autophagosomes. For this application, the working concentration is typically between 1-10 μM.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Pepstatin A is an inhibitor of acid proteases (aspartyl peptidases). It forms a 1:1 complex with proteases such as pepsin, renin, cathepsin D, bovine chymosin, and protease B (Aspergillus niger). The inhibitor is highly selective and does not inhibit thiol proteases, neutral proteases, or serine proteases. Solubilized γ-secretase and retroviral protease are also inhibited by Pepstatin A. It has been used to characterize proteases from several sources.
Potent inhibitor of acid proteases, including pepsin, renin and cathepsin D and many microbial aspartic proteases. Effective concentration 1 μM. Stable for about 1 day.

Preparation Note

Pepstatin can be dissolved at 1 mg/ml in 10% (v/v) acetic acid in methanol (9:1 methanol:acetic acid). The inclusion of acetic acid may be necessary to dissolve this peptide in methanol or DMSO. It has been dissolved at 1 to 2 mg/ml in ethanol, but heat may be required for complete dissolution. Solutions of Pepstatin A can be heated as high as 60 °C without any decomposition of the peptide.
Stock solutions at 1 mg/ml are stable at least a week at 4 °C. A 1 mM solution in methanol or DMSO is stable for months at -20 °C. If solutions become darker yellow, the reagent is hydrolyzing.
A working concentration of 1 μM is stable for at least one day at room temperature.

Other Notes

1 U corresponds to the amount of inhibitor which reduces the activity of pepsin by 1 U (1 U corresponds to the amount of enzyme which increases the absorbance at 280 nm by 0.001 per minute at pH 2.0 and 37°C (Hemoglobin, Cat. No. 51290, as substrate, in an endvolume of 16 ml)); 10′000 absorbance-U as described above are equivalent to ∼1 Bergmeyer-U (when 1 pepsin-U is the amount of enzyme which hydrolyzes 1 μmol acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosin per minute at pH 2.0 and 37°C)
Strong inhibitor of acid proteases - pepsin, cathepsin D, renin[6]

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Pepstatin A ≥100,000 U/mg

Sigma-Aldrich

77170

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Sigma-Aldrich

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Sigma-Aldrich

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Actinomycin D–Mannitol lyophilized powder

Sigma-Aldrich

A5156

Actinomycin D–Mannitol

biological source

Streptomyces sp.

biological source

Streptomyces sp.

biological source

Streptomyces sp.

biological source

Streptomyces sp.

Quality Level

100

Quality Level

300

Quality Level

300

Quality Level

200

form

powder

form

powder

form

solid

form

lyophilized powder

storage temp.

2-8°C

storage temp.

2-8°C

storage temp.

2-8°C

storage temp.

2-8°C

solubility

ethanol: soluble 1 mg/mL

solubility

DMF: 2-4 mg/mL, DMSO: 30-40 mg/mL, H2O: insoluble, water: insoluble

solubility

H2O: slightly soluble

solubility

H2O: 20 mg/mL

mp

233 °C (dec.) (lit.)

mp

-

mp

-

mp

-

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Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk

WGK 2

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

ppe

Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)

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Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
BCCN0210
BCCL7677
BCCH7979
BCCG3348
BCCG1589

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Global Trade Item Number

SKUGTIN
77170-50MG04061832945224
77170-5MG04054839595448
77170-10MG04061832945217

Questions

  1. Can Pepstatin A (CAS 26305-03-3), product number 77170, be stored in ethanol? If so, what are the recommended temperature and duration for storage? Additionally, should concerns about hydrolysis impact its storage?

    1 answer

    1. Pepstatin A can be stored at -20°C following reconstitution/dissolution and is soluble in ethanol at 1mg/mL. It is also soluble in DMSO, ethanol, or glacial acetic acid (9:1) at 1mg/ml. For dilution, an aqueous buffer at slightly alkaline pH is recommended when using the above organic solvents. However, it is insoluble in dH2O and other aqueous buffers at near neutral pH, and may precipitate from the solution if water or acidic buffer is used for dilution. Solutions of Pepstatin A can be heated as high as 60°C without decomposing the peptide.

      Regarding preparation, Pepstatin A is only sparingly soluble in water, and its solubility is related to the purity of the preparation. Stock solutions at 1mg/mL should be stable for at least a week at 4°C, while a 1mM solution in methanol should be stable for months at –20°C. Any yellowing of the solution indicates hydrolysis. An effective working concentration is 1uM, stable for at least one day at room temperature, with a typical working concentration being 0.5-1ug/ml.

      In terms of stability and solubility, some solutions can be difficult to obtain and can be encouraged by rapid stirring, sonication, or gentle warming (in a 45-60°C water bath). Peptides in solution are less stable than in lyophilized form, especially if they contain certain amino acids. It's recommended to store peptides in solution for as short a time as possible, avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and discard any portion of an aliquot unused after thawing. Additionally, peptides stored in solution can be susceptible to bacterial degradation, so sterile solutions or passing the peptide solution through a 0.2 μm filter to remove potential bacterial contamination are advised whenever possible.

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