Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.
추천 제품
생물학적 소스
horse heart
Quality Level
제품 라인
BioUltra
분석
≥99% (SDS-PAGE)
양식
powder
분자량
12,384
저장 조건
(Tightly closed Dry)
기술
cell culture | mammalian: suitable
solubility
water: 10 mg/mL, dark red-brown
UniProt 수납 번호
저장 온도
−20°C
유전자 정보
horse ... CYCS(100053958)
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일반 설명
애플리케이션
Cytochrome c from equine heart has been used to prepare a stock solution for synthesizing and calibrating biotinylated cytochrome c.[3] It has also been used as a component of the reaction buffer to stain electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV and determine its activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis.[4]
The specific sites and extent of oxidation in horse cytochrome c treated with H2O2 and UV were characterized. It was suggested that the state of these sites could be used as a biomarker for the oxidative environment in a cell.
생화학적/생리학적 작용
Cytochrome C (Cyt C) acts as a potent signaling molecule of apoptosis by activating caspase 3, a death protease. It plays a role in heme-binding with the help of cytochrome c heme lyase which facilitates its release into the mitochondrial intermembrane space.[1] Cyt C also exhibits lipid-binding by interacting with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that initiates protein unfolding and activates the peroxidase function in Cyt C.[5]
Cytochrome c is primarily known as an electron-carrying mitochondrial protein. The transition of cytochrome c between the ferrous and ferric states within the cell makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter and it plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. It is generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, forming an essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen
제조 메모
A further purification of C2506
Prepared using TCA.
기타 정보
View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.
Storage Class Code
11 - Combustible Solids
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point (°F)
Not applicable
Flash Point (°C)
Not applicable
개인 보호 장비
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
가장 최신 버전 중 하나를 선택하세요:
시험 성적서(COA)
Lot/Batch Number
이미 열람한 고객
Yuning Hong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(45), 18713-18723 (2012-10-17)
Interactions of cytochrome c (cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) partially unfold the protein, activating its peroxidase function, a critical event in the execution of apoptosis. However, structural features of the altered protein species in the heterogeneous ensemble are difficult to
J Cai et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1366(1-2), 139-149 (1998-08-26)
Mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) has been found to have dual functions in controlling both cellular energetic metabolism and apoptosis. Through interaction with apoptotic protease activating factors (Apaf), cyt c can initiate the activation cascade of caspases once it is
Cytochrome c: can't live with it--can't live without it.
J C Reed
Cell, 91(5), 559-562 (1997-12-11)
Bradford G Hill et al.
Free radical biology & medicine, 47(6), 675-683 (2009-06-17)
Protein thiol modifications occur under both physiological and pathological conditions and have been shown to contribute to changes in protein structure, function, and redox signaling. The majority of protein thiol modifications occur on cysteine residues that have a low pK(a);
Hao Zhang et al.
Journal of the American Heart Association, 11(11), e022853-e022853 (2022-06-04)
Background Myocardial iron deficiency (MID) in heart failure (HF) remains largely unexplored. We aim to establish defining criterion for MID, evaluate its pathophysiological role, and evaluate the applicability of monitoring it non-invasively in human explanted hearts. Methods and Results Biventricular
Chromatograms
application for HPLCapplication for HPLCapplication for HPLC-
What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?
1 답변-
도움이 되었습니까?
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I see that you list several horse heart cytochrome c products. What are the differences, and which one should I choose?
1 답변-
Product No. C2506 is prepared with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), whereas C7752 is prepared with the milder acetic acid. The TCA method may reduce the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD) present, but tends to cause dimerization or acid-modified structures of cytochrome c. In contrast, acetic acid preparations may have slightly higher amounts of SOD, but a lower proportion of dimeric cytochrome c. So C2506 would be recommended for enzyme activity studies that require low SOD, whereas C7752 is recommended for structural studies or binding studies, or for enzyme activity studies where possible SOD contamination is not a problem. Product No. C2867 is prepared from C2506; it is a BioUtra grade product, greater than or equal to 99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE. It is recommended when an ultra-high purity is required. Product No. C3256 is also prepared from C7752; it is isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. This fraction shows a high rate of ascorbic acid oxidation, but low activity in a cytochrome oxidase system. Product No. C7150 is also prepared from C7752; it is suitable for use as a gel filtration molecular weight marker.
도움이 되었습니까?
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How do I determine how much of Product C2867, Cytochrome c, is in the oxidized form, and how much is reduced?
1 답변-
This is determined by a spectral assay. The detailed assay procedure (operating procedure #11252) may be requested from Sigma St. Louis Technical Service ([email protected]).
도움이 되었습니까?
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How should I store solutions of Product C2867, Cytochrome c?
1 답변-
Our general recommendations are as follows: Store at -20 °C (freezer) for up to six months. Store at 2-8 °C (refrigerator) for up to two weeks. Store at 20-25 °C (room temperature) for up to three days. According to J. Biol. Chem, 237, 2161-2174 (1962), cytochrome c is stable to boiling, and over an unusually wide range of pH values. However, it denatures readily at extreme pH (low or high), and in high concentrations of organic solvents, such as ethanol or acetone.
도움이 되었습니까?
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Is Product C2867, Cytochrome c, predominantly in the oxidized form or the reduced form?
1 답변-
This product is predominantly (>95%) in the oxidized form.
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