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Thermally induced structural evolution and performance of mesoporous block copolymer-directed alumina perovskite solar cells.

Thermally induced structural evolution and performance of mesoporous block copolymer-directed alumina perovskite solar cells.

ACS nano (2014-04-02)

Kwan Wee Tan, David T Moore, Michael Saliba, Hiroaki Sai, Lara A Estroff, Tobias Hanrath, Henry J Snaith, Ulrich Wiesner

要旨

Structure control in solution-processed hybrid perovskites is crucial to design and fabricate highly efficient solar cells. Here, we utilize in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the structural evolution and film morphologies of methylammonium lead tri-iodide/chloride (CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x)) in mesoporous block copolymer derived alumina superstructures during thermal annealing. We show the CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x) material evolution to be characterized by three distinct structures: a crystalline precursor structure not described previously, a 3D perovskite structure, and a mixture of compounds resulting from degradation. Finally, we demonstrate how understanding the processing parameters provides the foundation needed for optimal perovskite film morphology and coverage, leading to enhanced block copolymer-directed perovskite solar cell performance.

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製品内容

Sigma-Aldrich

エチルアルコール（純粋）, for molecular biology

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2-プロパノール, suitable for HPLC, 99.9%

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テトラヒドロフラン, inhibitor-free, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%

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2-プロパノール, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

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硝酸, ACS reagent, 70%

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N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%

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N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%

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クロロホルム, contains 100-200 ppm amylenes as stabilizer, ≥99.5%

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テトラヒドロフラン, contains 200-400 ppm BHT as inhibitor, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%

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トルエン, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

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クロロホルム, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, ≥99.9%, contains amylenes as stabilizer

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トルエン, suitable for HPLC, 99.9%

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クロロホルム, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.8%, contains 0.5-1.0% ethanol as stabilizer

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トルエン, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, ≥99.9%

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1-ブタノール, 99.9%

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酸化アルミニウム, activated, basic, Brockmann I

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クロロホルム, contains ethanol as stabilizer, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%

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ヨウ化水素酸, 57 wt. % in H₂O, distilled, stabilized, 99.95%

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2-プロパノール, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, 99.9%

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硝酸, 70%, purified by redistillation, ≥99.999% trace metals basis

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1-ブタノール, ACS reagent, ≥99.4%

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イソプロピルアルコール, meets USP testing specifications

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チタン(IV)イソプロポキシド, 97%

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酸化アルミニウム, activated, neutral, Brockmann I

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1-ブタノール, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.7%

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2-プロパノール, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99.8% (GC)

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N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99.8% (GC)

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2-プロパノール, Laboratory Reagent, ≥99.5%

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トルエン, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99.7% (GC)

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硝酸, puriss. p.a., 65.0-67.0%