Smac/DIABLO is a mitochondrial protein that is proteolytically processed and released during apoptosis along with cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic factors. Once in the cytosol, Smac/DIABLO binds to inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins and disrupts the ability of the IAPs to inhibit caspases 3, 7, and 9 thereby promoting apoptosis. Along with several other pro-apoptotic proteins, Smac/DIABLO has been shown to be a substrate for the ubiquitin ligase XIAP.
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