C3131

Cytochrome c from bovine heart

≥95% based on Mol. Wt. 12,327 basis, powder, suitable for mammalian cell culture

• Synonym(s): CYC, CytC
• CAS Number: 9007-43-6
• UNSPSC Code: 12352202
• EC Number: 232-700-9
• NACRES: NA.61
• MDL number: MFCD00130890
• Form: powder
• Assay: ≥95% based on Mol. Wt. 12,327 basis
• Biological source: bovine heart
• Mol wt: 12327 Da

Properties

• biological source: bovine heart
• Quality Segment: 200
• assay: ≥95% based on Mol. Wt. 12,327 basis
• form: powder
• mol wt: 12327 Da
• storage condition: (Tightly closed Dry)
• technique(s): cell culture | mammalian: suitable
• impurities: 0.40-0.50% Iron (anhydrous)
• solubility: water: 10 mg/mL, dark red-brown
• UniProt accession no.: P62894
• storage temp.: −20°C
• Gene Information: cow ... CYC1(512500)

Description

General description

Research area: Apoptosis

Cytochrome c (Cyt C) is an essential mitochondrial protein located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.[1] It is encoded in the nucleus as apo-cytochrome C.[2] Cyt C occurs as membrane-bound or as soluble metalloproteins in energy-transducing membranes and is found in bacteria, archaea, and plastids.[1] It belongs to the group of class IIa cytochromes and contains pentacoordinate heme centres.[3]

Application

Cytochrome C from bovine heart has been used:

• as a component of the assay solution for testing the activity of respiratory chain complexes III and IV in the mitochondria of human osteosarcoma and human hepatocarcinoma cell lines[4]
• to determine the cytochrome c oxidase activity in mitochondria of human aortic endothelial cells[5]
• as a component of the cyt C oxidase reaction solution during in situ enzyme staining of cyt C oxidase in mice kidney tissues

Biochem/physiol Actions

Cytochrome C (Cyt C) is involved in the activation of caspase during the caspase-dependent apoptosis intrinsic pathway that triggers programmed cell death through apoptosis.[6] It shows lipid-binding activity through its interaction with cardiolipin that accounts for the peroxidase activity of Cyt C.[1] Cyt C binds to heme via the help of cytochrome c heme lyase that enables its release into the mitochondrial intermembrane space.[7]

The ready fluctuation of cytochrome c within the cell between ferrous and ferric states, makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter. It plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. Generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, it forms the essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen.

The ready interconversion of cytochrome c between ferrous and ferric states makes it an efficient biological electron carrier. It plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. Generally regarded as a universal link in the respiratory chain, it forms the essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen.

Preparation Note

Prepared with acetic acid without using TCA.

Other Notes

View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.

Safety Information

• Storage Class: 11 - Combustible Solids
• wgk: WGK 3
• flash_point_f: Not applicable
• flash_point_c: Not applicable
• ppe: Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)