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N7758

Sigma-Aldrich

Naloxone hydrochloride dihydrate

≥98% (TLC and titration), powder

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C19H21NO4 · HCl · 2H2O
CAS Number:
51481-60-8
Molecular Weight:
399.87
Beilstein/REAXYS Number:
6260807
MDL number:
MFCD00150901
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
24278050
NACRES:
NA.77

assay

≥98% (TLC and titration)

form

powder

optical activity

[α]25/D −178.6°, c = 2.5 in H2O(lit.)

color

white to off-white

solubility

ethanol: 3.3 mg/mL
H2O: 50 mg/mL

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

O.O.Cl.Oc1ccc2C[C@H]3N(CC[C@@]45[C@@H](Oc1c24)C(=O)CC[C@@]35O)CC=C

InChI

1S/C19H21NO4.ClH.2H2O/c1-2-8-20-9-7-18-15-11-3-4-12(21)16(15)24-17(18)13(22)5-6-19(18,23)14(20)10-11;;;/h2-4,14,17,21,23H,1,5-10H2;1H;2*1H2/t14-,17+,18+,19-;;;/m1.../s1

InChI key

TXMZWEASFRBVKY-IOQDSZRYSA-N

Gene Information

human ... OPRD1(4985) , OPRK1(4986) , OPRM1(4988) , OPRS1(10280)

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Application

Naloxone hydrochloride dihydrate has been used in:
  • isotonic saline and injected subcutaneously into experimental rats to study its involvement with withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats
  • as opioid receptor antagonist to examine the role of the endogenous opioid system in infantile amnesia for contextual fear
  • as a reference neutral antagonist to define the maximum effect (Emax) of the system

Biochem/physiol Actions

Competitive antagonist for μ, κ, δ, and σ opioid receptors; blocks the action of σ-agonists at opioid sites. Naloxone′s antagonistic effect last for about 45 min and thus, requires repeated dosage. It results in critical side effects such as pulmonary edema.

Features and Benefits

This compound is featured on the Opioid Receptors page of the Handbook of Receptor Classification and Signal Transduction. To browse other handbook pages, click here.

Caution

Light sensitive.

pictograms

Exclamation mark
GHS07

signalword

Warning

Hazard Classifications

Eye Irrit. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT SE 3

target_organs

Respiratory system

Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk_germany

WGK 3

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

ppe

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Pharmacologic Profile of Naloxegol, a Peripherally Acting mu-Opioid Receptor Antagonist, for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Constipation
Floettmann E, et al.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 361(2), 280-291 (2017)
Jee Hyun Kim et al.
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 16(3), 161-166 (2009-02-19)
Several recent studies report that neurotransmitters that are critically involved in extinction in adult rats are not important for extinction in young rats. Specifically, pretest injection of the gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA) receptor inverse agonist FG7142 has no effect on extinction
Iris Bachmutsky et al.
eLife, 10 (2021-05-19)
Opioids are perhaps the most effective analgesics in medicine. However, between 1999 and 2018, over 400,000 people in the United States died from opioid overdose. Excessive opioids make breathing lethally slow and shallow, a side-effect called opioid-induced respiratory depression. This
Thibaut Laboute et al.
eLife, 9 (2020-02-01)
GPR88 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) considered as a promising therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric disorders; its pharmacology, however, remains scarcely understood. Based on our previous report of increased delta opioid receptor activity in Gpr88 null mice, we investigated
Reiko Uenoyama et al.
Science advances, 7(4) (2021-02-02)
Domestic cats and other felids rub their faces and heads against catnip (Nepeta cataria) and silver vine (Actinidia polygama) and roll on the ground as a characteristic response. While this response is well known, its biological function and underlying mechanism
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