This is determined by a spectral assay. The detailed assay procedure (operating procedure #11252) may be requested from Sigma St. Louis Technical Service ([email protected]).
C3256
Cytochrome c from equine heart
~90% based on Mol. Wt. 12,384 basis
Synonym(s):
Cytochrome c from horse heart
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About This Item
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biological source
horse heart
assay
~90% based on Mol. Wt. 12,384 basis
form
powder
mol wt
12,384
UniProt accession no.
application(s)
cell analysis
storage temp.
−20°C
Gene Information
horse ... CYCS(100053958)
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Application
Cytochrome c has been identified as an important mediator in apoptotic pathways. The release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm stimulates apoptosis and is commonly used as an indicator of the apoptotic process in the cell. Investigation on the effect of Paris saponin I (PS I) on human gastric carcinoma cell growth (SGC7901 cells) have shown an elevated level cytoplasmic cytochrome c. Results are an inhibition of proliferation in SGC7901 cells by inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through cytochrome c.
The specific sites and extent of oxidation in horse cytochrome c treated with H2O2 and UV were characterized. It was suggested that the state of these sites could be used as a biomarker for the oxidative environment in a cell.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Cytochrome c is primarily known as an electron-carrying mitochondrial protein. The transition of cytochrome c between the ferrous and ferric states within the cell makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter and it plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. It is generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, forming an essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen
Shows a high rate of ascorbic acid oxidation and low enzymatic activity in a cytochrome oxidase system; contains inactive cytochrome polymers which can be converted back to native cytochrome.[1]
Other Notes
This is essentially "Fraction II, pH 7" of Margoliash[2] prepared using TCA.
View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.
Storage Class
11 - Combustible Solids
wgk_germany
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
ppe
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
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SPECTRA OF CYTOCHROME C MONOMER AND POLYMERS.
A SCHEJTER et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 73, 641-643 (1963-08-06)
The chromatographic behaviour of cytochrome c on cation exchangers.
E MARGOLIASH
The Biochemical journal, 56(4), 535-543 (1954-04-01)
Lin-Lin Gao et al.
World journal of gastroenterology, 17(39), 4389-4395 (2011-11-24)
To investigate the anti-tumor effects of Paris chinensis dioscin (PCD) and mechanisms regarding cell cycle regulation and apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Cell viability was analyzed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry
M Harjai et al.
Anaesthesia and intensive care, 41(2), 175-183 (2013-03-28)
Sepsis remains as a leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Unfortunately, there have been very few successful specific therapeutic agents that can significantly reduce the attributable mortality and morbidity of sepsis. Developing novel therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes
Eva Di Silvio et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1834(8), 1554-1561 (2013-05-08)
The biogenesis of c-type cytochromes (Cytc) is a process that in Gram-negative bacteria demands the coordinated action of different periplasmic proteins (CcmA-I), whose specific roles are still being investigated. Activities of Ccm proteins span from the chaperoning of heme b
Chromatograms
application for HPLCapplication for HPLCapplication for HPLC-
How do I determine how much Product C3256, Cytochrome c, is in the oxidized form, and how much is reduced?
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How should I store solutions of Product C3256, Cytochrome c?
1 answer-
Our general recommendations are as follows: Store at -20 °C (freezer) for up to six months. Store at 2-8 °C (refrigerator) for up to two weeks. Store at 20-25 °C (room temperature) for up to three days. According to J. Biol. Chem, 237, 2161-2174 (1962), cytochrome c is stable to boiling, and over an unusually wide range of pH values. However, it denatures readily at extreme pH (low or high), and in high concentrations of organic solvents, such as ethanol or acetone.
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I see that you list several horse heart cytochrome c products. What are the differences, and which one should I choose?
1 answer-
Product No. C2506 is prepared with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), whereas C7752 is prepared with the milder acetic acid. The TCA method may reduce the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD) present, but tends to cause dimerization or acid-modified structures of cytochrome c. In contrast, acetic acid preparations may have slightly higher amounts of SOD, but a lower proportion of dimeric cytochrome c. So C2506 would be recommended for enzyme activity studies that require low SOD, whereas C7752 is recommended for structural studies or binding studies, or for enzyme activity studies where possible SOD contamination is not a problem. Product No. C2867 is prepared from C2506; it is a BioUtra grade product, greater than or equal to 99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE. It is recommended when an ultra-high purity is required. Product No. C3256 is also prepared from C7752; it is isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. This fraction shows a high rate of ascorbic acid oxidation, but low activity in a cytochrome oxidase system. Product No. C7150 is also prepared from C7752; it is suitable for use as a gel filtration molecular weight marker.
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What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?
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Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.
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Is Product C3256, Cytochrome c, predominantly in the oxidized form or the reduced form?
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This product is predominantly (>95%) in the oxidized form.
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