NMDAR-PSD-95 interaction blocking peptide with neuroprotective efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Tat-NR2B9c (NA-1) is a 20-mer peptide composed of a membrane-permeant HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain sequence (a.a. 47-57) N-terminal to the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) GluN2B carboxyl tail sequence KLSSIESDV that blocks intracellular NMDAR-PSD-95 interaction-induced neurotoxic signaling without affecting NMDAR-mediated synaptic activity or calcium influx. NA-1 protects cultured cortical neurons from NMDA excitotoxicity (50 nM; 20/40/100 μM NMDA) and reduces focal ischemic brain damage in rats in vivo (3 μmol/kg iv. bolus 1 hr post MCAO onset).
Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 33(12), 1937-1943 (2013-09-12)
Since the most significant ischemic sequelae occur within hours of stroke, it is necessary to understand how neuronal function changes during this time. While histologic and behavioral models show the extent of stroke-related damage, only in vivo recordings can illustrate
Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 35(5), 739-742 (2015-02-12)
The Tat-NR2B9c peptide has shown clinical efficacy as a neuroprotective agent in acute stroke. Tat-NR2B9c is designed to prevent nitric oxide (NO) production by preventing postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and neuronal nitric oxide synthase;
We examined the efficacy of R18 in a transient MCAO model and compared its effectiveness to the well-characterized neuroprotective NA-1 peptide. R18 and NA-1 peptides were administered intravenously (30, 100, 300, 1000nmol/kg), 60min after the onset of 90min of MCAO.
Anesthesia and analgesia, 118(6), 1345-1354 (2014-05-21)
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDARs)-dependent central sensitization plays an important role in cancer pain. Binding of NMDAR subunit 2B (NR2B) by postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) can couple NMDAR activity to intracellular enzymes, such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), facilitate downstream signaling
Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 36(3), 555-561 (2015-12-15)
Tat-NR2B9c, a clinical-stage stroke neuroprotectant validated in rats and primates, was recently deemed ineffective in mice. To evaluate this discrepancy, we conducted studies in mice subjected to temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for either 30 or 60 min according to
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