R2625

Retinoic acid

≥98% (HPLC), powder, RAR and RXR ligand

• Synonym(s): ATRA, Tretinoin, Vitamin A acid, all-trans-Retinoic acid
• Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C₂₀H₂₈O₂
• CAS Number: 302-79-4
• Molecular Weight: 300.44
• Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 2057223
• EC Number: 206-129-0
• MDL number: MFCD00001551
• UNSPSC Code: 12352106
• PubChem Substance ID: 24278674
• NACRES: NA.77

Properties

• product name: Retinoic acid, ≥98% (HPLC), powder
• biological source: synthetic (organic)
• assay: ≥98% (HPLC)
• form: powder
• technique(s): cell culture | mammalian: suitable
• color: yellow
• mp: 180-181 °C (lit.)
• solubility: chloroform: 50 mg/mL
• storage temp.: −20°C
• SMILES string: CC1=C(\C=C\C(C)=C\C=C\C(C)=C\C(O)=O)C(C)(C)CCC1
• InChI: 1S/C20H28O2/c1-15(8-6-9-16(2)14-19(21)22)11-12-18-17(3)10-7-13-20(18,4)5/h6,8-9,11-12,14H,7,10,13H2,1-5H3,(H,21,22)/b9-6+,12-11+,15-8+,16-14+
• InChI key: SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N
• Gene Information: human ... RARA(5914) , RARB(5915) , RARG(5916) , RXRA(6256) , RXRB(6257) , RXRG(6258) ; mouse ... Rara(19401) , Rarb(218772) , Rarg(19411) , Rxrb(20182)

Description

General description

Retinoic acid (RA), a retinoid, exerts a broad range of biological effects. It plays a role in regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation in both normal and transformed cells, potentially influencing oncogenes. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is regarded as the most pertinent and functionally active metabolite of Vitamin-A. RA may serve as a type of signal molecule through a nuclear receptor to regulate regional differentiation in the central nervous system. Moreover, at a concentration of 1 nM (with maximal differentiation at 1 µM), RA induces morphological and functional terminal differentiation in a cell line of human promyelocyte leukemia, indicating its potential involvement in the differentiation of specific hematopoietic cells. Additionally, RA can indirectly impact neuronal differentiation by modifying the expression of neuronal cell surface receptors to peptide growth factors.

Furthermore, RA and other retinoids can also inhibit cellular proliferation and stimulate tyrosinase activity in a human melanoma cell line, while also inhibiting cell-substrate adhesion and motility in melanocytes. ATRA plays a vital role in the formation of the mammalian vascular system. Specifically, it regulates endothelial cell proliferation and vascular remodeling throughout tissue angiogenesis.

Application

• Retinoic acid (RA) has been used for the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into motor neurons.
• It has been used for the differentiation of Xenopus ectoderm into pancreas.
• It has also been used to study epigenetic regulation by RARα (retinoic acid receptor α).
• It has been used to study RA signaling of prospermatogonia transition into spermatogonia.

Biochem/physiol Actions

all−trans−Retinoic acid (ATRA) is a ligand for both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR). The bound RAR and RXR act as transcription factors that regulate the growth and differentiation of both normal and malignant cells. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) catalyze the 4-hydroxylation of ATRA. Retinoic acid primes embryonic stem cells to become neurons.

Features and Benefits

This compound is featured on the Nuclear Receptors (Non-Steroids) page of the Handbook of Receptor Classification and Signal Transduction. To browse other handbook pages, click here.

Other Notes

2024 CiteAb Award Winner for Supplier Succeeding in Parkinson′s Research

Safety Information

• pictograms: GHS08,GHS07,GHS09
• signalword: Danger
• hcodes: H302,H315,H360FD,H410
• pcodes: P202 - P264 - P273 - P301 + P312 - P302 + P352 - P308 + P313
• Hazard Classifications: Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Aquatic Acute 1 - Aquatic Chronic 1 - Repr. 1B - Skin Irrit. 2
• Storage Class: 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects
• wgk_germany: WGK 2
• flash_point_f: Not applicable
• flash_point_c: Not applicable
• ppe: dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves