9(S)-HODE is a pro-inflammatory linoleic acid lipoxygenation product.
9(S)-HODE is produced by the lipoxygenation of linoleic acid. It is a major component of plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein. 9-HODE has been shown to stimulate cell proliferation and and extracellular matrix synthesis in human mesangial cells via PPARgamma. Pro-inflammatory effects of 9-HODE, acting through the receptor GPR132, can contribute to atherosclerosis progression. 9-HODE has also been shown to activate spinal TRPV1, leading to inflammatory hyperalgesia.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 172(1), 54-60 (2003-12-23)
Because of its oxidative modification during the acute-phase response to an aggression, low density lipoprotein (LDL) can be regarded as a source of lipid mediators that can act both to promote and inhibit inflammation. This can be exemplified by the
The Biochemical journal, 420(2), 277-281 (2009-03-07)
LOOHs (lipid hydroperoxides) in oxLDL [oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein)] are potentially atherogenic compounds. Recently, H2S was identified as the third endogenous gasotransmitter in the vasculature. H2O2 is known to be destroyed by H2S. Assuming that H2S may also react with
The Journal of biological chemistry, 279(13), 12495-12502 (2004-01-14)
Dimorphecolic acid (9-OH-18:2Delta(10)(trans)(,12)(trans)) is the major fatty acid of seeds of Dimorphotheca species. This fatty acid contains structural features that are not typically found in plant fatty acids, including a C-9 hydroxyl group, Delta(10),Delta(12)-conjugated double bonds, and trans-Delta(12) unsaturation. Expressed
British journal of pharmacology, 167(8), 1643-1651 (2012-08-07)
Two oxidation products of linoleic acid, 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (HODEs), have recently been suggested to act as endovanilloids, that is, endogenous agonists of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channels, thereby contributing to inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats. However, HODE activity
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(5), 1556-1562 (2005-03-03)
The analysis of (R)-9- and (S)-9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid as well as (R)-13- and (S)-13-hydroxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid (HODE) as free acids, esterified in triacylglycerols (storage lipids), and esterified in polar lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, etc.) in barley, germinating barley, and finished malt was performed
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