Xanthine is an intermediate of purine nucleotide metabolism. It is found in most body tissues and fluids. Xanthine derivatives are present in coffee, tea, and chocolate.
Application
Xanthine sodium salt has been used as a component of substrate solution for xanthine oxidase during superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay. It has also been used as a supplement in a special-conditioned medium to culture Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts stably transfected with tetracycline (tet)-controlled transactivator and transactivator-controlled tissue transglutaminase cDNA [39] constructs (clone TG3).
Biochem/physiol Actions
Xanthine acts as a substrate for xanthine oxidase. It elevates cellular cyclic AMP levels by preventing its breakdown and metabolism by inhibition of tissue phosphodiesterases. Xanthine also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties either by the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines or gene transcription regulation or histone deacetylase activation. All these properties of xanthine aid in the relaxation of smooth muscles of the bronchial tree.
Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology, 105, 1-16 (2021-11-12)
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