C3483

Cytochrome c from human heart

≥95% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder

• Numer CAS: 9007-43-6
• UNSPSC Code: 12352202
• NACRES: NA.61
• MDL number: MFCD00130890
• Form: lyophilized powder
• Assay: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
• Biological source: human heart
• Mol wt: 11 kDa by SDS-PAGE

Właściwości

• biological source: human heart
• assay: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
• form: lyophilized powder
• mol wt: 11 kDa by SDS-PAGE
• technique(s): cell culture | mammalian: suitable, mass spectrometry (MS): suitable, western blot (chemiluminescent): suitable
• Quality Level: 100
• Gene Information: human ... CYCS(54205), CYCSL1(157317)
• UniProt accession no.: P99999
• storage temp.: −20°C

Opis

General description

Cytochrome c (CYCS) is mapped to human chromosome 7p15.3.[1] CYCS is a heme protein containing three long α-helices. It undergoes domain swapping at the C-terminus and exists in dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric forms.[2] Insertion mutations in CYCS is implicated in acute myeloid leukemia.[1] Mutations in CYCS modulates the release of proplatelets and decreases platelet production leading to thrombocytopenia 4.[3]

Application

Cytochrome c from human heart has been used for the generation of standard curves in the electrochemiluminescence assay for measurement of cytochrome C levels in plasma samples[4] and in electrospray ionization mass spectrum (ESI-MS) analysis.[5]

Cytochrome c has been identified as an important mediator in apoptotic pathways. The release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm stimulates apoptosis and is commonly used as an indicator of the apoptotic process in the cell. Investigation on the effect of Paris Saponin I (PS I) on human gastric carcinoma cell growth (SGC7901 cells) have shown an elevated level cytoplasmic cytochrome c. Results are an inhibition of proliferation in SGC7901 cells by inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through cytochrome c.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Cytochrome c is a small heme protein that is a mobile electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It is also an initiator of apoptosis.

The ready fluctuation of cytochrome c within the cell between ferrous and ferric states, makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter. It plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. Generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, it forms the essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen.

The ready fluctuation of cytochrome c within the cell between ferrous and ferric states, makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter. It plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. Generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, it forms the essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen.

In addition to its function in electron transport, cytochrome c acts as an apoptosis-triggering agent, forming the apoptosome with apoptosis protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and activating the caspase cascade. The two functions are finely tuned by phosphorylation of Tyr residues at position 48 and/or 97. One recent report provides suggestive evidence that phosphorylation at Tyr⁴⁸ switches off the apoptotic effect.

Physical form

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in phosphate buffered saline.

Preparation Note

Chemically oxidized during purification.

Other Notes

View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.

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Informacja o środkach bezpieczeństwa

• Klasa składowania: 13 - Non Combustible Solids
• wgk: WGK 3
• flash_point_f: Not applicable
• flash_point_c: Not applicable