This product is predominantly (>95%) in the oxidized form.
C7752
Cytochrome c from equine heart
≥95% based on Mol. Wt. 12,384 basis
Synonym(s):
Cytochrome c from horse heart
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50 MG
PLN 843.00
100 MG
PLN 1,430.00
500 MG
PLN 4,330.00
1 G
PLN 7,390.00
5 G
PLN 25,110.00
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50 MG
PLN 843.00
100 MG
PLN 1,430.00
500 MG
PLN 4,330.00
1 G
PLN 7,390.00
5 G
PLN 25,110.00
About This Item
Recommended Products
biological source
horse heart
Quality Level
Assay
≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
≥95% based on Mol. Wt. 12,384 basis
form
powder
mol wt
12,384
technique(s)
cell culture | mammalian: suitable
suitability
suitable for molecular biology
UniProt accession no.
storage temp.
−20°C
Gene Information
horse ... CYCS(100053958)
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Application
Cytochrome c is used as an inducer of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in various research studies. The identification and monitoring of oxidation sites in cytochrome c may have implications for assessing oxidative stress-related conditions and diseases. It could potentially be used as a biomarker to evaluate the extent of oxidative damage and the antioxidant capacity of cells and tissues.
Cytochrome c is suitable for use as a component of phosphate buffer for the detection and evaluation of complex IV activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE). It may also be used for the detection of extracellular superoxide anion (ECSA) in isolated kidney phagocytes.
Cytochrome c is suitable for use as a component of phosphate buffer for the detection and evaluation of complex IV activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE). It may also be used for the detection of extracellular superoxide anion (ECSA) in isolated kidney phagocytes.
The specific sites and extent of oxidation in horse cytochrome c treated with H2O2 and UV were characterized. It was suggested that the state of these sites could be used as a biomarker for the oxidative environment in a cell.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Cytochrome c has been identified as an important mediator in apoptotic pathways. The release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm stimulates apoptosis and is commonly used as an indicator of the apoptotic process in the cell.
Cytochrome c is primarily known as an electron-carrying mitochondrial protein. The transition of cytochrome c between the ferrous and ferric states within the cell makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter and it plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. It is generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, forming an essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen
Preparation Note
Prepared with acetic acid without using TCA.
Other Notes
View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.
Application
Product No.
Description
Pricing
also commonly purchased with this product
Product No.
Description
Pricing
Storage Class Code
11 - Combustible Solids
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
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Customers Also Viewed
Dmitry Malyshka et al.
Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 23(5), 1151-1156 (2016-11-20)
Ferricytochrome c binding to cardiolipin-containing liposomes produces a heterogeneous distribution of conformations comprising native-like and non-native misfolded proteins. We utilized the photoreduction of native ferricytochrome c in the presence of potassium ferrocyanide and resonance Raman spectroscopy to probe the population of native
Marilena Carbone et al.
Data in brief, 28, 104842-104842 (2019-12-24)
We present SEM, ThT fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) data of amyloidogenic aggregates of cytochrome c (cyt c).This protein is of outmost relevance in many biochemical processes, such as respiratory chain in mitochondria and cells apoptosis. The present data focus
Lara Massai et al.
Journal of inorganic biochemistry, 165, 1-6 (2016-10-11)
Three Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with chelating mono(imidazolin-2-imine) and bis(imidazolin-2-imine) ligands i.e. [Pd(DMEAImiPr)Cl2] (1) (DMEAImiPr, 2-(1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-imine)ethan-1-dimethylamine), [Pd(DACH(ImiPr)2)Cl2] (2) (DACH(ImiPr)2, N,N'-(cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)bis(1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-imine)) and [Pt(DMEAImiPr)Cl2] (3), are evaluated here as potential cytotoxic and anticancer agents. An acceptable solution behaviour was found for the
A H Mulder et al.
Clinical and experimental immunology, 98(2), 270-278 (1994-11-01)
ANCA have been demonstrated to induce the respiratory burst in primed neutrophils. In this study we have extended the investigations on neutrophil activation by ANCA directed against proteinase 3 (PR3), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactoferrin (LF), and we have analysed the
Valentina Peleh et al.
BMC biology, 15(1), 106-106 (2017-11-10)
Many proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) contain structural disulfide bonds formed by the mitochondrial disulfide relay. In fungi and animals, the sulfhydryl oxidase Erv1 'generates' disulfide bonds that are passed on to the oxidoreductase Mia40, which oxidizes substrate
Protocols
Enzymatic Assay of Superoxide Dismutase
Chromatograms
application for HPLCapplication for HPLCapplication for HPLC-
Is Product C7752, Cytochrome c, predominantly in the oxidized form or the reduced form?
1 answer-
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I see that you list several horse heart cytochrome c products. What are the differences, and which one should I choose?
1 answer-
Product No. C2506 is prepared with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), whereas C7752 is prepared with the milder acetic acid. The TCA method may reduce the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD) present, but tends to cause dimerization or acid-modified structures of cytochrome c. In contrast, acetic acid preparations may have slightly higher amounts of SOD, but a lower proportion of dimeric cytochrome c. So C2506 would be recommended for enzyme activity studies that require low SOD, whereas C7752 is recommended for structural studies or binding studies, or for enzyme activity studies where possible SOD contamination is not a problem. Product No. C2867 is prepared from C2506; it is a BioUtra grade product, greater than or equal to 99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE. It is recommended when an ultra-high purity is required. Product No. C3256 is also prepared from C7752; it is isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. This fraction shows a high rate of ascorbic acid oxidation, but low activity in a cytochrome oxidase system. Product No. C7150 is also prepared from C7752; it is suitable for use as a gel filtration molecular weight marker.
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What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?
1 answer-
Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.
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How do I determine how much of Product C7752, Cytochrome c, is in the oxidized form, and how much is reduced?
1 answer-
This is determined by a spectral assay. The detailed assay procedure (operating procedure #11252) may be requested from Sigma St. Louis Technical Service ([email protected]).
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How should I store solutions of Product C7752, Cytochrome c?
1 answer-
Our general recommendations are as follows: Store at -20 °C (freezer) for up to six months. Store at 2-8 °C (refrigerator) for up to two weeks. Store at 20-25 °C (room temperature) for up to three days. According to J. Biol. Chem, 237, 2161-2174 (1962), cytochrome c is stable to boiling, and over an unusually wide range of pH values. However, it denatures readily at extreme pH (low or high), and in high concentrations of organic solvents, such as ethanol or acetone.
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