A new kind of bifunctional ionic liquid catalysts was synthesized to degrade microcrystalline cellulose in [BMIM]Cl at atmospheric pressure. The effects of reaction temperature, amount of catalysts, reaction time, ionic liquid purity and cellulose concentration on conversion were investigated. At
Furfural offers a promising, rich platform for lignocellulosic biofuels. These include methylfuran and methyltetrahydrofuran, valerate esters, ethylfurfuryl and ethyltetrahydrofurfuryl ethers as well as various C(10)-C(15) coupling products. The various production routes are critically reviewed, and the needs for improvements are
Acidity modified silver exchanged silicotungstic acid (AgSTA) catalyst was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR pyridine adsorption, SEM imaging, EDX mapping, and antimicrobial activity was also tested. The catalytic activity was evaluated for the dehydration
It's nano: Small and uniform chromium nanoparticles, either preformed or generated in situ, effectively catalyze the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethyl furfural. The results compare favorably with those achieved by using a catalyst system based on divalent CrCl(2) in ionic
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of 5-HMF on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by high glucose in vitro, and the mechanism underlying this process. Our results demonstrated that high glucose-induced oxidative stress
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