PAD4 (also designated PADI4 or PAD type IV), one of the members of the peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs).
Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) protein consists of 663 amino acids. PADI4 gene is localized to human chromosome 1p36. It is expressed in hematopoietic tissues, such as spleen, thymus, peripheral blood leucocytes, fetal liver and bone marrow.
Immunogen
synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 91-107 of human PADI4, conjugated to KLH via a C-terminal added cysteine residue. The immunizing peptide is specific to human PADI4.
Application
Anti-PADI4 (N-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit has been used in immunoblotting,immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence.
Biochem/physiol Actions
PAD4 is recruited to the pS2 promoter (an estrogen responsive gene) following hormone induction when the gene is transcriptionally downregulated.
Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) is responsible for the post-translational conversion of peptidylarginine to citrulline, in the presence of calcium ions. In individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), this gene is expressed in hematological cells and synovial tissues, and variant in this gene is linked with susceptibility to RA. The expression of this protein is linked with DNA hypermethylation in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, and 15 mM sodium azide.
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Biology of reproduction, 107(6), 1395-1410 (2022-09-11)
Citrullination, the post-translational modification of arginine residues, is catalyzed by the four catalytically active peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD or PADI) isozymes and alters charge to affect target protein structure and function. PADs were initially characterized in rodent uteri and, since then
Functional haplotypes of PADI4, encoding citrullinating enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 4, are associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Suzuki A
Nature Genetics (2003)
Localization of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) and citrullinated protein in synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis.
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