Nornicotine is a tobacco alkaloid and nicotine metabolite. Since virtually all tobacco products contain nornicotine, smoking or chewing tobacco exposes the user to this nicotine alkaloid. In urine testing by GC/MS or LC/MS, nornicotine is used as an indicator of smoking or use of chewing tobacco or nicotine replacement products.
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Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 10(8), 1385-1390 (2008-08-08)
Smoking during pregnancy remains a major public health concern and is associated with numerous adverse effects. Recently the clearance of nicotine and cotinine was shown to be substantially increased in pregnant women compared with nonpregnant controls. The present study investigated
The assay of biomarkers in biological material is the most popular and reliable method in estimate exposure to tobacco smoke. Nicotine and its metabolites qualify to the most specific biomarkers for tobacco smoke. Currently the most often used are cotinine
Tobacco consumption is a global epidemic responsible for a vast burden of disease. With pharmacological properties sought-after by consumers and responsible for addiction issues, nicotine is the main reason of this phenomenon. Accordingly, smokeless tobacco products are of growing popularity
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 94(3), 352-362 (2009-10-06)
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholinic receptors (nAChR) are promising targets for the development of novel analgesics. Nicotine and other nAChR-agonists produce profound analgesia in rodent models of acute and persistent pain. However, significant side-effects are of concern. Nornicotine (N-desmethyl-nicotine) appears to activate
The Journal of general physiology, 141(1), 95-104 (2013-01-02)
A primary target for nicotine is the acetylcholine receptor channel (AChR). Some of the ability of nicotine to activate differentially AChR subtypes has been traced to a transmitter-binding site amino acid that is glycine in lower affinity and lysine in
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