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D0564

Sigma-Aldrich

Diphtheria Toxin

from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, ≥98% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder, protein synthesis inhibitor

Synonym(s):

DTx

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About This Item

MDL number:
MFCD00163490
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
NACRES:
NA.77
Pricing and availability is not currently available.

Product Name

Diphtheria Toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, lyophilized powder, Product is in unnicked form

Quality Level

200

form

lyophilized powder

storage temp.

2-8°C

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General description

Diphtheria toxin may be used as a toxin element in the construction of immunotoxin for cell-specific cytotoxicity. The translocation domain of bacterial toxins with a natural endosome escape mechanism has been used in the development of efficient nonviral vectors for applications in gene therapy.

Application

Diphtheria Toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been used:


  • for microglia depletion to study post-traumatic stress disorder in mice[1]
  • intraperitoneally injected in transgenic mice to select the hybrids after fusion of transplanted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) during ablation[2]
  • to study its effect on eosinophil lineage-committed progenitors in an eosinophil-deficient strain of mice (iPHIL)[3]

Biochem/physiol Actions

Diphtheria toxin is a bacterial toxin produced from Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It contains three domains that have intracellular actions. The domains are involved in the intoxication of the cell, cell-surface binding and internalization into endosomes, translocating into the cytosol across the endosome membrane and inhibiting cellular protein synthesis. Diphtheria toxin is useful in constructing biotechnological tools and therapeutics.[4] It inhibits protein synthesis by catalyzing adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of the target protein in eukaryotes.[5]

Physical form

Lyophilized powder containing Tris and EDTA.

Reconstitution

Each vial, when reconstituted to 0.5 mL with sterile distilled water, contains ~1 mg of diphtheria toxin in 0.01 M Tris and 0.001 M Na2EDTA, pH 7.5.

Pictograms

Skull and crossbones
GHS06

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H300 + H330

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 1 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 1 Oral

Storage Class Code

6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

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Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
MKCW6047
MKCV8141
MKCT4996
MKCT4991
MKCV1948

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Biology and molecular epidemiology of diphtheria toxin and the tox gene
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 181 (2000)
Diphtheria toxin
The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins (2015)
S M Yellon et al.
Biology of reproduction, 100(5), 1386-1394 (2019-01-11)
To test the hypothesis that macrophages are essential for remodeling the cervix in preparation for birth, pregnant homozygous CD11b-dtr mice were injected with diphtheria toxin (DT) on days 14 and 16 postbreeding. On day 15 postbreeding, macrophages (F4/80+) were depleted
Mary F Fontana et al.
PLoS pathogens, 12(12), e1006046-e1006046 (2016-12-07)
Dynamic regulation of leukocyte population size and activation state is crucial for an effective immune response. In malaria, Plasmodium parasites elicit robust host expansion of macrophages and monocytes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that myeloid expansion
Benjamin J Vakoc et al.
Nature medicine, 15(10), 1219-1223 (2009-09-15)
Intravital multiphoton microscopy has provided powerful mechanistic insights into health and disease and has become a common instrument in the modern biological laboratory. The requisite high numerical aperture and exogenous contrast agents that enable multiphoton microscopy, however, limit the ability
View All Related Papers

Questions

1–8 of 8 Questions  

  1. How long is the lyophilized DT stable for if kept in its original packaging at 4C?

    1 answer

    1. Products that are robust in nature and extremely stable, in the original unopened container, are not assigned an expiration date or retest schedule. These products will have no dating reported on either the label or the Certificate of Analysis. This product falls under that category. The specification sheet is available at this link: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/specification-sheets/872/957/D0564-BULK________SIGMA____.pdf

      Products that are not assigned an expiration or retest date are covered by a warranty period of 1 year from the date of product shipment.

      Full Product Dating Information may be reviewed at the link below: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/190/408/product-dating-information-ms.pdf

      Helpful?

  2. What is recommend for reconstituting the product for injection in mice via ip injection? The product instructions advise using sterile distilled water, but the product also contains Tris and EDTA. Most references and research articles recommend using PBS for reconstitution. I am concerned that water might be too hypotonic for the mice and may cause their cells to rupture, but I'm not sure whether the Tris and EDTA can prevent that.

    1 answer

    1. No test has been conducted on this product for intraperitoneal injection. However, for intraperitoneal injection in mice, normal saline solution appears to be effective as a delivery solvent

      Helpful?

  3. How is Product D0564-1MG, Diphtheria Toxin, packaged?

    1 answer

    1. Product D0564-1MG, Diphtheria Toxin, is packaged in a small serum vial with a rubber or silicone septum and aluminum crimp top. The product can be reconstituted in the vial by piercing the septum with a syringe fitted with a stainless steel needle.

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  4. How stable is Product D0564, Diphtheria Toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, at low concentration?

    1 answer

    1. For assays employing low concentration of the toxin, the use of a carrier protein like serum albumin is recommended.

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  5. What is the solubility of Product D0564, Diphtheria Toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

    1 answer

    1. This product is soluble in water.  Reconstitute with the volume of water described under Description on our website page for D0564.

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  6. What is the molecular weight of Product D0564, Diphtheria Toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

    1 answer

    1. In the presence of a reducing agent, on SDS gels, this preparation migrates as a major band of approx. mw 63,000 Daltons (corresponding to thte intact toxin) and two faster more lightly stained bands of approx. MW 39,000 and 24,000 Daltons (corresponding to the B and A fragments, respectively). Based on this method, the extent of the degree of nicking in this preparation is estimated to be less than 5%.

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  7. What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?

    1 answer

    1. Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.

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  8. What is the solution stability of Product D0564, Diphtheria Toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

    1 answer

    1. Once the product is reconstituted in water, the solution may be stored in aliquots at -20°C. Avoid freeze-thawing. Long-term storage in the refrigerator at 2-8°C is not recommended.

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