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antibody form
serum
Quality Level
clone
polyclonal
species reactivity
rabbit, vertebrates
technique(s)
immunocytochemistry: suitable
immunohistochemistry: suitable
western blot: suitable
General description
Agmatine conjugated to BSA
Specificity
Agmatine. No detectable cross reactivity with arginine, glutamate or other amino acids.
Application
Immunohistochemistry: 1:100 on 0.1-2.5% glutaraldehyde fixed tissue. Optimal fixation: 0.1-2.5% glutaraldehyde, 1% formaldehyde. Minimum gluteraldehyde: 0.1%. Works on paraffin embedded tissue (fixed with glutaraldehyde) but preferably epoxy embedded - specifically developed for post-embedding protocols.
Immunocytochemistry on cells with glutamate-gated ion channels.
Immunoblotting
AB1568 has been used successfully on retina tissue fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde buffer using 250 nm sections. Assay conditions: Living, isolated goldfish retinas were maintained for 10 minutes in an oxygenated physiological solution that preserves normal neuronal activity under constant lighting. The medium also contained 10 mM agmatine. After the incubation period retinas were fixed in a conventional 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffer and processed for immunohisto-chemistry using 250 nm sections probed with a gold labeled secondary antibody. The treated retinas were exposed to 125 M kainate during the incubation. Kainate opens both AMPA and kainate selective ionotropic channels through which agmatine can enter cells.
Optimal working dilutions must be determined by the end user.
General processing of Retinas or Brain Slices with AGB loading
Protocol
1. Isolate living retinas or cut 400 mm brain slices on chopper.
2. Incubate 15 minutes in oxygenated physiological medium (species specific, of course) with 25 mM NaCl replaced by AGB plus any desired pharmacological reagent to modulate AGB permeation.
3. Fix in 3% glutaraldehyde in standard EM grade buffer.
4. Embed in epoxy resin and cut sections to desired thickness.
Immunocytochemistry on cells with glutamate-gated ion channels.
Immunoblotting
AB1568 has been used successfully on retina tissue fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde buffer using 250 nm sections. Assay conditions: Living, isolated goldfish retinas were maintained for 10 minutes in an oxygenated physiological solution that preserves normal neuronal activity under constant lighting. The medium also contained 10 mM agmatine. After the incubation period retinas were fixed in a conventional 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffer and processed for immunohisto-chemistry using 250 nm sections probed with a gold labeled secondary antibody. The treated retinas were exposed to 125 M kainate during the incubation. Kainate opens both AMPA and kainate selective ionotropic channels through which agmatine can enter cells.
Optimal working dilutions must be determined by the end user.
General processing of Retinas or Brain Slices with AGB loading
Protocol
1. Isolate living retinas or cut 400 mm brain slices on chopper.
2. Incubate 15 minutes in oxygenated physiological medium (species specific, of course) with 25 mM NaCl replaced by AGB plus any desired pharmacological reagent to modulate AGB permeation.
3. Fix in 3% glutaraldehyde in standard EM grade buffer.
4. Embed in epoxy resin and cut sections to desired thickness.
Protocol
1. 100-1000 nm sections of epoxy resin embedded tissue.
2. Deplasticize in 1:5 v/v solution of mature saturated ethanolic NaOH (Na ethoxide) in anhydrous EtOH, 1.5 minutes/100 nm section thickness. NO WATER!
3. Wash in three 2 minute changes in anhydrous EtOH or MeOH, one 5 minute running tap water rinse and a dH2O dip.
4. Store in PBS until used or dip in dH2O, air dry and store.
5. Osmicated specimens (e.g. 1% OsO4 for 45- 60 minutes) must be treated with fresh 1% NaIO4 for 7 minutes followed by a 1 minute wash in PBS. Dip in dH20 and air dry. Otherwise skip to step 6.
6. Dip in dH2O and air dry.
7. Stain with primary antibody diluted in 1% GSPBT (4 hours to overnight), 25 μL/well. Sandwich between layers of plastic wrap to prevent evaporation.
8. Flick off primary antibody. Dip once in 0.1 M PBS to rinse off excess primary antibody. Wash one hour in 1% GSPBT; use plastic cassettes, requires about 15 μL of solution.
9. Dip slides in dH2O. Rapidly air dry with air canister. Do not get propellant on the slides. Stain with GAR-gold (secondary antibody) properly diluted in 1% GSPBT for 1 hour. Use about 25 μL/well.
10. Flick off secondary antibody. Dip in 0.1 M PB to rinse off excess second antibody. Wash in PB 1 hour in plastic cassettes.
11. Dip in dH2O and air dry.
12. Prepare fresh silver intensification solutions.
13. Use the working solution immediately as it only lasts 10 minutes. Use 25 μL of solution/well. Work quickly. Expose sections to the silver intensification solution for 5-7 minutes in a dark vessel (e.g. a tray covered with aluminum foil). If the stain is not very strong by 7 minutes, use two serial 5-7 minute intensifications on the next samples. You must use rigid time protocols for quantitative comparisons.
14. Stop with a brief dip in 5% acetic acid.
15. Wash for 10 minutes in dH2O and dry in a dust-free place
16. Cover slip in epoxy resin.
1. 100-1000 nm sections of epoxy resin embedded tissue.
2. Deplasticize in 1:5 v/v solution of mature saturated ethanolic NaOH (Na ethoxide) in anhydrous EtOH, 1.5 minutes/100 nm section thickness. NO WATER!
3. Wash in three 2 minute changes in anhydrous EtOH or MeOH, one 5 minute running tap water rinse and a dH2O dip.
4. Store in PBS until used or dip in dH2O, air dry and store.
5. Osmicated specimens (e.g. 1% OsO4 for 45- 60 minutes) must be treated with fresh 1% NaIO4 for 7 minutes followed by a 1 minute wash in PBS. Dip in dH20 and air dry. Otherwise skip to step 6.
6. Dip in dH2O and air dry.
7. Stain with primary antibody diluted in 1% GSPBT (4 hours to overnight), 25 μL/well. Sandwich between layers of plastic wrap to prevent evaporation.
8. Flick off primary antibody. Dip once in 0.1 M PBS to rinse off excess primary antibody. Wash one hour in 1% GSPBT; use plastic cassettes, requires about 15 μL of solution.
9. Dip slides in dH2O. Rapidly air dry with air canister. Do not get propellant on the slides. Stain with GAR-gold (secondary antibody) properly diluted in 1% GSPBT for 1 hour. Use about 25 μL/well.
10. Flick off secondary antibody. Dip in 0.1 M PB to rinse off excess second antibody. Wash in PB 1 hour in plastic cassettes.
11. Dip in dH2O and air dry.
12. Prepare fresh silver intensification solutions.
13. Use the working solution immediately as it only lasts 10 minutes. Use 25 μL of solution/well. Work quickly. Expose sections to the silver intensification solution for 5-7 minutes in a dark vessel (e.g. a tray covered with aluminum foil). If the stain is not very strong by 7 minutes, use two serial 5-7 minute intensifications on the next samples. You must use rigid time protocols for quantitative comparisons.
14. Stop with a brief dip in 5% acetic acid.
15. Wash for 10 minutes in dH2O and dry in a dust-free place
16. Cover slip in epoxy resin.
Remember that post-embedding immunocytochemistry is a surface binding event and is thickness independent. Use 40 nm sections for optimal serial amino acid sampling, 90 nm for combined EM/LM sampling, 250 nm sections for routine amino acid sampling and 500 nm for easiest quick surveys.
5. Use AB1568-2000T properly diluted.
6. Process with silver intensification.
Suggested Immunohistochemical Staining Protocol
Stock Solutions
Na Ethoxide
Anhydrous Ethanol (EtOH)
Anhydrous Methanol (MeOH)
Phosphate Buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.4) (PB)
PB + 0.05% thimerosal, pH 7.4 (PBT)
NaIO4
Primary Antibody (AB1568-2000T)
Goat anti-Rabbit-gold 1 nm (GAR-gold)
1% Goat serum in PBT (GSPBT)
Silver intensification Stock A - 0.2 M citrate buffer pH 4.85 (critical pH - check carefully)
Silver intensification Stock B - 0.5 g hydroquinone in 15 mL distilled water (dH2O)
Silver intensification Stock C - 1% aqueous silver nitrate
Silver intensification Working solution - 5 mL Stock A + 1 mL Stock B + 1 mL Stock C, in order
5% acetic acid
5. Use AB1568-2000T properly diluted.
6. Process with silver intensification.
Suggested Immunohistochemical Staining Protocol
Stock Solutions
Na Ethoxide
Anhydrous Ethanol (EtOH)
Anhydrous Methanol (MeOH)
Phosphate Buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.4) (PB)
PB + 0.05% thimerosal, pH 7.4 (PBT)
NaIO4
Primary Antibody (AB1568-2000T)
Goat anti-Rabbit-gold 1 nm (GAR-gold)
1% Goat serum in PBT (GSPBT)
Silver intensification Stock A - 0.2 M citrate buffer pH 4.85 (critical pH - check carefully)
Silver intensification Stock B - 0.5 g hydroquinone in 15 mL distilled water (dH2O)
Silver intensification Stock C - 1% aqueous silver nitrate
Silver intensification Working solution - 5 mL Stock A + 1 mL Stock B + 1 mL Stock C, in order
5% acetic acid
Physical form
IgG fraction in sterile 0.1M phosphate buffer. No preservative.
Storage and Stability
Store at 2-8°C in undiluted aliquots for up to 6 months after date of receipt.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
Storage Class Code
12 - Non Combustible Liquids
WGK
WGK 2
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Regulatory Listings
Regulatory Listings are mainly provided for chemical products. Only limited information can be provided here for non-chemical products. No entry means none of the components are listed. It is the user’s obligation to ensure the safe and legal use of the product.
JAN Code
AB1568-2000T:
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.
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