亲水性聚合物
丙烯酸聚合物
丙烯酸树脂包括各种丙烯酸酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺和马来酸酐聚合物。这些均聚物和共聚物具有刚性、弹性、亲水或疏水性质。这类聚合物多为热塑性,可通过热处理轻松转化为所需的形状,因此通常用于聚合物涂料、粘合剂和纤维。
醚聚合物
醚的主链具有醚的功能特性。它们通常是弹性的,因此总体上具有抗冲击性。许多聚醚的链的末端有功能团,可用于制备分子量更高的聚合物。因此,它们也可归类为大分子,常用于聚酯和聚氨酯的制备。聚丙二醇聚合物和寡聚物(DOWANOL®)也可归为这一类别。
氟碳聚合物
氟碳聚合物的独特之处在于其不能被亲水或疏水性材料“润湿”。 它们的摩擦系数非常低,并具有优异的耐化学和耐热性质。此外,共聚物比聚四氟乙烯更容易热熔加工。
聚苯乙烯聚合物
聚苯乙烯及其共聚物可用于很多重要应用,例如膜、泡沫和结构部件等。带二烯单体的共聚物通过交联来改善物理性质,并生成热塑性弹性体。聚苯乙烯膜在可见光辐射下高度透明,并具有很高的折射率。
聚氯乙烯聚合物
聚氯乙烯(PVC)通常经过高度塑化,从而改善热塑加工的流变学性质。它很容易被紫外辐射和高温降解,且通常会添加添加剂。
聚-N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)聚合物
聚-N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)是一种极性聚合物,具有良好的成膜和粘合性质,常用于制作喷发胶和护手霜,同时还因对许多染料具有亲和性而用于纺织行业。PVP是一种生物相容性聚合物,一度用作血浆代用品——但目前很少再用。
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