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G5163

Sigma-Aldrich

Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65/67 antibody produced in rabbit

enhanced validation

IgG fraction of antiserum, buffered aqueous solution

Synonym(s):

Anti-GAD 65/67

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About This Item

MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352203
NACRES:
NA.41

biological source

rabbit

Quality Level

conjugate

unconjugated

antibody form

IgG fraction of antiserum

antibody product type

primary antibodies

clone

polyclonal

form

buffered aqueous solution

mol wt

antigen 65-67 kDa

species reactivity

rat, mouse, feline, pig, human

packaging

antibody small pack of 25 μL

enhanced validation

independent
Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation

technique(s)

immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): 1:1,000 using tissue sections of rat pancreas
microarray: suitable
western blot: 1:10,000 using rat brain extract

UniProt accession no.

shipped in

dry ice

storage temp.

−20°C

target post-translational modification

unmodified

Gene Information

human ... GAD2(2572)
mouse ... Gad2(14417)
rat ... Gad2(24380)

General description

GAD 65 has been identified as an autoantigen in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and stiff-man syndrome (SMS).
GAD is highly expressed in GABAergic neurons and pancreatic β cells. It is transiently expressed in non-GABAergic embryonic and adult neurons, indicating a role in development. It is also present in testis, oviduct, and ovary GAD exists as two isoforms, GAD 65 and GAD 67 (molecular masses of 65 and 67 kDa, respectively) that are encoded by two different genes. GAD65 is an ampiphilic, membrane anchored protein, (585 amino acid residues) and is encoded on human chromosome 10. GAD 67 is a cytoplasmic protein (594 amino acid residues) and is encoded on chromosome 2. There is 64% amino acid idENTITY_TYPE_CODE. The two isoforms appear to have distinct intraneuronal distribution in the brain. The protein is initially localized to cytosol and then gets anchored to the membrane upon post translational modification. The GAD2 gene is mapped to human chromosome 10p12.1.

Specificity

Reacts specifically with GAD 65 and GAD 67 isoforms from brain.
Reacts specifically with GAD 65 and GAD 67 isoforms in extracts of rat brain and rat pancreas.

Immunogen

synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal region of human GAD 67 (amino acids 579-594). The sequence is identical in human GAD 65 (amino acids 570-585), in rat, mouse, and pig GAD 65, in rat, pig, and cat GAD 67, and is highly conserved in GAD 67 of mouse origin (single amino acid substitution).

Application

Anti-GAD 65/67 may be used for the detection and localization of GAD 65/67 isoforms by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry in rat retinal cells, human subthalamus neurons, and pancreatic β-cells of rat. The minimum working dilution that may be used is 1:10000. Detection by immunoblotting may be possible in brain cells of monkey, human, rat and gecko. at a minimum working dilution of 1:1000.
Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65/67 antibody produced in rabbit has also been used in Immunohistochemistry and Immunocytochemistry.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is the key enzyme that catalyses the conversion of L-glutamate to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is a principal inhibitory neurotransmitter and a paracrine signal molecule in pancreatic islet cells. GAD 65 has been identified as an autoantigen in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and stiff-man syndrome (SMS).

Physical form

Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.

Disclaimer

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

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Storage Class Code

10 - Combustible liquids

WGK

WGK 2

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable


Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Yoko Inoue et al.
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 72(9), 2269-2276 (2008-09-09)
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that synthesizes gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Post-translational modification of GAD, such as N-terminal blockage, phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, and palmitoylation, is an important factor in the biological activity of GAD.
Immuno?chemistry of hydroxyl radical modified GAD?65: A possible role in experimental and human diabetes mellitus.
Ansari N A, et al.
IUBMB Life, 67(10), 746-756 (2015)
Gavin Dixon et al.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 28(6), 1045-1051 (2004-09-24)
Fewer neurons have been reported in the anterior thalamic complex (AT) of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in comparison to control tissue. In addition, the density of presumptive thalamo-cortical relay neurons of the AT is reported to be significantly decreased in
Julie-Christine Lévesque et al.
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 20(5), 574-584 (2005-01-13)
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered a homogeneous structure composed essentially of projection neurons that exert a profound glutamate-mediated excitatory influence upon the main output structures of the basal ganglia. It is currently the most efficient target for deep brain
Tomohiro Hamada et al.
Brain research. Molecular brain research, 139(1), 42-51 (2005-06-15)
Transgenic rats expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of an estrogen receptor (ER) alpha promoter were generated to tag ERalpha-positive neurons in the brain. Two transgenes, one containing sequences for promoter A and DsRed and the other

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