Aurintricarboxylic acid readily polymerizes in aqueous solution, forming a stable free radical that inhibits protein-nucleic acid interactions. It is a potent inhibitor of ribonuclease and topoisomerase II by preventing the binding of the nucleic acid to the enzyme. It stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation processes including the Jak2/STAT5 pathway in NB2 lymphoma cells, ErbB4 in neuroblastoma cells, and MAP kinases, Shc proteins, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and phospholipase C in PC12 cells. Aurintricarboxylic acid inhibits apoptosis in many cell types. Its neuroprotective effect, perhaps due to its ability to prevent down-regulation of Ca2+ impermeable GluR2 receptors or to its ability to inhibit calpain, a Ca2+-activated protease that is activated during apoptosis.
Other Notes
May contain a substantial amount of polymeric material.
Baboons receiving xenogeneic livers from wild type and transgenic pigs survive less than 10 days. One of the major issues is the early development of profound thrombocytopenia that results in fatal hemorrhage. Histological examination of xenotransplanted livers has shown baboon
Neurobiology of aging, 33(10), 2237-2246 (2012-01-06)
Complement plays a vital role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. It recognizes a target, opsonizes it, generates anaphylatoxins, and directly kills cells through the membrane attack complex (MAC). This final function, which assembles C5b-9(n) on viable cell
Journal of molecular modeling, 18(4), 1583-1589 (2011-08-02)
DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is an emerging target for the treatment of cancer, brain disorders, and other diseases. Currently, there are only a few DNMT1 inhibitors with potential application as therapeutic agents or research tools. 5,5-Methylenedisalicylic acid is a novel
Influenza viruses cause serious infections that can be prevented or treated using vaccines or antiviral agents, respectively. While vaccines are effective, they have a number of limitations, and influenza strains resistant to currently available anti-influenza drugs are increasingly isolated. This
Neurobiology of aging, 34(5), 1451-1461 (2012-11-28)
Aberrant complement activation is known to exacerbate the pathology in a spectrum of degenerative diseases of aging. We previously reported that aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATA) is an orally effective agent which prevents formation of the membrane attack complex of complement.
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