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695076

Sigma-Aldrich

Formic acid

Formic acid

ACS reagent, ≥96%

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100 ML
€31.00
500 ML
€48.80

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100 ML
€31.00
500 ML
€48.80

About This Item

Linear Formula:
HCOOH
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
46.03
Beilstein:
1209246
EC Number:
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352106
PubChem Substance ID:
NACRES:
NA.21
grade:
ACS reagent
pH:
2.2 (20 °C, 2.2 g/L)

€31.00


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grade

ACS reagent

Quality Level

vapor density

1.6 (vs air)

vapor pressure

44.8 mmHg ( 20 °C)

Assay

≥96%

form

liquid

autoignition temp.

1004 °F

expl. lim.

57 %

refractive index

n20/D 1.370 (lit.)

pH

2.2 (20 °C, 2.2 g/L)

bp

100-101 °C (lit.)

mp

8.2-8.4 °C (lit.)

solubility

water: miscible

density

1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

anion traces

chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%
sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.003%
sulfite (SO32-): passes test

cation traces

Fe: ≤0.001%
NH4+: ≤0.005%
heavy metals (as Pb): ≤0.001%

application(s)

sample preparation

SMILES string

OC=O

InChI

1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)

InChI key

BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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General description

Formic acid is a simple carboxylic acid produced by the hydrolysis of methyl formate or formamide or from its salts. It is primarily used in dyeing, textile, leather, rubber, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

Application

Formic acid can be used as a reagent in the:
  • Co-Nx-catalyzed one-pot reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with nitro compounds to synthesize secondary amines.
  • Photoreduction of polycyclic and heterocyclic nitro arenes to corresponding amines.
  • Pd-catalyzed chemoselective hydrogenation of olefins to saturated hydrocarbons.

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 3 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Eye Dam. 1 - Flam. Liq. 3 - Skin Corr. 1A

Supplementary Hazards

Storage Class Code

3 - Flammable liquids

WGK

WGK 1

Flash Point(F)

121.1 °F - closed cup

Flash Point(C)

49.5 °C - closed cup


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Electron momentum spectroscopy of formic acid.
Nixon KL, et al.
Chemical Physics Letters, 474(1), 23-27 (2009)
The crystal structure of formic acid.
Holtzberg F, et al.
Acta Crystallographica, 6(2), 127-130 (1953)
Photodissociation of formic acid.
Su H, et al.
J. Chem. Phys. , 113(5), 1891-1897 (2000)
Direct formic acid fuel cells.
Rice C, et al.
Journal of Power Sources, 111(1), 83-89 (2002)
Switchgrass pretreatment and hydrolysis using low concentrations of formic acid.
Marzialetti T, et al.
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 86(5), 706-713 (2011)

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Questions

1–3 of 3 Questions  
  1. How can I determine the shelf life / expiration / retest date of this product?

    1 answer
    1. If this product has an expiration or retest date, it will be shown on the Certificate of Analysis (COA, CofA). If there is no retest or expiration date listed on the product's COA, we do not have suitable stability data to determine a shelf life. For these products, the only date on the COA will be the release date; a retest, expiration, or use-by-date will not be displayed.
      For all products, we recommend handling per defined conditions as printed in our product literature and website product descriptions. We recommend that products should be routinely inspected by customers to ensure they perform as expected.
      For products without retest or expiration dates, our standard warranty of 1 year from the date of shipment is applicable.
      For more information, please refer to the Product Dating Information document: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/449/386/product-dating-information-mk.pdf

      Helpful?

  2. How is shipping temperature determined? And how is it related to the product storage temperature?

    1 answer
    1. Products may be shipped at a different temperature than the recommended long-term storage temperature. If the product quality is sensitive to short-term exposure to conditions other than the recommended long-term storage, it will be shipped on wet or dry-ice. If the product quality is NOT affected by short-term exposure to conditions other than the recommended long-term storage, it will be shipped at ambient temperature. As shipping routes are configured for minimum transit times, shipping at ambient temperature helps control shipping costs for our customers. For more information, please refer to the Storage and Transport Conditions document: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/316/622/storage-transport-conditions-mk.pdf

      Helpful?

  3. How to make 0.2M formic acid solution?

    1 answer
    1. Assuming a 96% purity, to prepare 100mL of a 0.2 M solution, slowly add 0.786 mL of your stock solution to 25 mL deionized water. Adjust the final volume of solution to 100 mL with deionized water.

      To prepare 500mL of a 0.2 M solution, slowly add 3.930 mL of your stock solution to 125 mL deionized water. Adjust the final volume of solution to 500 mL with deionized water.

      See the link below to access the molarity calculator. Enter the desired volume, the lot specific product percentage, and the desired volume. Click the 'Calculate' button to get preparation instructions:
      https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/support/calculators-and-apps/molarity-calculator

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