ALK4 is a member of the subfamily of receptor ser/thr kinases that mediates signaling by the Activins. ALK4 is expressed in many human tissues, including kidney, pancreas, brain, lung, and liver. Truncated ALK4, predominantly expressed in human pituitary adenomas, function as dominant negative receptors to interfere with wild-type receptor function and blocks the antiproliferative effect of activin possibly contributing to development of human pituitary tumors. ALK4 is able to mediate Nodal signaling in the presence of Cripto during vertebrate development.
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Nodal proteins have crucial roles in mesendoderm formation and left-right patterning during vertebrate development. The molecular mechanisms of signal transduction by Nodal and related ligands, however, are not fully understood. In this paper, we present biochemical and functional evidence that
Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily of cytokines, inhibits cell proliferation in a variety of cell types. The functions of activin are mediated by type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. The main type
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