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D0564

Sigma-Aldrich

Diphtheria Toxin

from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, ≥98% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder, protein synthesis inhibitor

Sinonimo/i:

DTx

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1 MG
CHF 1’210.00

CHF 1’210.00

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1 MG
CHF 1’210.00

About This Item

Numero MDL:
MFCD00163490
Codice UNSPSC:
12352200
NACRES:
NA.77

CHF 1’210.00

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Nome del prodotto

Tossina della difterite, lyophilized powder, Product is in unnicked form

Livello qualitativo

200

Stato

lyophilized powder

Temperatura di conservazione

2-8°C

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Descrizione generale

La tossina difterica può essere usata come elemento tossinico nella costruzione di immunotossine per citotossicità cellulo-specifica. Il dominio di traslocazione delle tossine batteriche con meccanismo naturale di escape endosomiale è stato impiegato nello sviluppo di vettori non virali efficienti per applicazioni nella terapia genica.

Applicazioni

La tossina difterica ricavata da Corynebacterium diphtheriae è stata:
  • impiegata per la deplezione della microglia nello studio del disturbo da stress post-traumatico nei topi[1]
  • iniettata per via intraperitoneale in topi transgenici per selezionare gli ibridi dopo fusione delle cellule staminali progenitrici e staminali emopoietiche (HSPC) durante l'ablazione[2]
  • usata per studiarne gli effetti sui precursori unifiliari (lineage-committed) degli eosinofili in un ceppo di topi privo di queste cellule (iPHIL)[3]

Azioni biochim/fisiol

La tossina difterica è una tossina batterica prodotta da Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Comprende tre domini con azioni intracellulari. I domini sono implicati nell'intossicazione della cellula, un processo in cui, dopo il legame alla superficie cellulare, la tossina viene internalizzata da parte degli endosomi e quindi, attraverso la loro membrana, trasloca nel citosol e va a inibire la sintesi proteica della cellula. La tossina difterica è utile per costruire strumenti biotecnologici e prodotti terapeutici.[4] Inibisce la sintesi proteica catalizzando la ADP-ribosilazione delle proteine bersaglio negli eucarioti.[5]

Stato fisico

Polvere liofilizzata contenente Tris ed EDTA.

Ricostituzione

Ciascun flaconcino, ricostituito con 0,5 mL con acqua distillata sterile, contiene circa 1 mg di tossina difterica in 0,01 M Tris e 0,001 M Na2EDTA, pH 7,5.

Pittogrammi

Skull and crossbones
GHS06

Avvertenze

Danger

Indicazioni di pericolo

H300 + H330

Classi di pericolo

Acute Tox. 1 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 1 Oral

Codice della classe di stoccaggio

6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

Classe di pericolosità dell'acqua (WGK)

WGK 3

Punto d’infiammabilità (°F)

Not applicable

Punto d’infiammabilità (°C)

Not applicable

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Certificati d'analisi (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
MKCW9802
MKCW9803
MKCW6047
MKCV8141
MKCT4996

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Diphtheria toxin
The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins (2015)
Biology and molecular epidemiology of diphtheria toxin and the tox gene
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 181 (2000)
Benjamin J Vakoc et al.
Nature medicine, 15(10), 1219-1223 (2009-09-15)
Intravital multiphoton microscopy has provided powerful mechanistic insights into health and disease and has become a common instrument in the modern biological laboratory. The requisite high numerical aperture and exogenous contrast agents that enable multiphoton microscopy, however, limit the ability
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Adipose tissue resident macrophages have important roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and regulate insulin sensitivity for example by secreting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we show that M2-like macrophages in adipose tissue regulate systemic glucose homeostasis by inhibiting
Vicky A Tobin et al.
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Many peptides, when released as chemical messengers within the brain, have powerful influences on complex behaviours. Most strikingly, vasopressin and oxytocin, once thought of as circulating hormones whose actions were confined to peripheral organs, are now known to be released
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Questions

1–9 of 9 Questions  

  1. How long can the product be stored for at 4C in its original packaging? Before reconstitution? Furthermore, what should it be reconstituted with for best efficiency and long-term effectiveness?

    1 answer

    1. This product is intended for laboratory or research use only, and no formal solution stability studies have been conducted. Before reconstitution, storage at 4°C in its original packaging is recommended, but specific duration guidelines are not provided. For reconstitution, use sterile distilled water to achieve a concentration of 1 mg of diphtheria toxin in 10 mM sodium phosphate with 5% lactose, pH 7.4. After reconstitution, unused toxin can be quick frozen in aliquots on dry ice and stored at -70°C. Thawing should be done quickly at room temperature. Repeated freezing and thawing or maintaining the preparation at 4°C for extended periods are not recommended, as these may lead to increased nicking. For assays using very low concentrations of the toxin, a carrier protein such as human serum albumin is suggested. The preparation migrates as a single major band under non-denaturing conditions, with a slower migrating band comprising less than 5% of the preparation, indicating an aggregate of diphtheria toxin. In the presence of a reducing agent, on SDS gels, the preparation shows a major band of approximately 63,000 daltons corresponding to the intact toxin, and two faster bands of approximately 39,000 and 24,000 daltons corresponding to the B and A fragments, respectively. The degree of nicking is estimated to be less than 5%. It is not recommended to store the solution frozen, and use within 1 month of resuspension is advised. The vial contains salts for TRIS and EDTA at pH 7.5.

      Helpful?

  2. How long is the lyophilized DT stable for if kept in its original packaging at 4C?

    1 answer

    1. Products that are robust in nature and extremely stable, in the original unopened container, are not assigned an expiration date or retest schedule. These products will have no dating reported on either the label or the Certificate of Analysis. This product falls under that category. The specification sheet is available at this link: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/specification-sheets/872/957/D0564-BULK________SIGMA____.pdf

      Products that are not assigned an expiration or retest date are covered by a warranty period of 1 year from the date of product shipment.

      Full Product Dating Information may be reviewed at the link below: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/190/408/product-dating-information-ms.pdf

      Helpful?

  3. What is recommend for reconstituting the product for injection in mice via ip injection? The product instructions advise using sterile distilled water, but the product also contains Tris and EDTA. Most references and research articles recommend using PBS for reconstitution. I am concerned that water might be too hypotonic for the mice and may cause their cells to rupture, but I'm not sure whether the Tris and EDTA can prevent that.

    1 answer

    1. No test has been conducted on this product for intraperitoneal injection. However, for intraperitoneal injection in mice, normal saline solution appears to be effective as a delivery solvent

      Helpful?

  4. How is Product D0564-1MG, Diphtheria Toxin, packaged?

    1 answer

    1. Product D0564-1MG, Diphtheria Toxin, is packaged in a small serum vial with a rubber or silicone septum and aluminum crimp top. The product can be reconstituted in the vial by piercing the septum with a syringe fitted with a stainless steel needle.

      Helpful?

  5. How stable is Product D0564, Diphtheria Toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, at low concentration?

    1 answer

    1. For assays employing low concentration of the toxin, the use of a carrier protein like serum albumin is recommended.

      Helpful?

  6. What is the molecular weight of Product D0564, Diphtheria Toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

    1 answer

    1. In the presence of a reducing agent, on SDS gels, this preparation migrates as a major band of approx. mw 63,000 Daltons (corresponding to thte intact toxin) and two faster more lightly stained bands of approx. MW 39,000 and 24,000 Daltons (corresponding to the B and A fragments, respectively). Based on this method, the extent of the degree of nicking in this preparation is estimated to be less than 5%.

      Helpful?

  7. What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?

    1 answer

    1. Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.

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  8. What is the solution stability of Product D0564, Diphtheria Toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

    1 answer

    1. Once the product is reconstituted in water, the solution may be stored in aliquots at -20°C. Avoid freeze-thawing. Long-term storage in the refrigerator at 2-8°C is not recommended.

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  9. What is the solubility of Product D0564, Diphtheria Toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

    1 answer

    1. This product is soluble in water.  Reconstitute with the volume of water described under Description on our website page for D0564.

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