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856177

Sigma-Aldrich

Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate

98%

Synonyme(s) :

1,1′-Dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, Gramoxone, Paraquat dichloride

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51.70 CHF
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70.90 CHF

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250 MG
51.70 CHF
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70.90 CHF

About This Item

Formule empirique (notation de Hill) :
C12H14Cl2N2 · xH2O
Numéro CAS:
75365-73-0
Poids moléculaire :
257.16 (anhydrous basis)
Beilstein:
3752782
Numéro MDL:
MFCD00150001
Code UNSPSC :
12352103
ID de substance PubChem :
24888401
Nomenclature NACRES :
NA.23

51.70 CHF

Check Cart for Availability
Devis pour commande en gros

Essai

98%

Forme

solid

Pf

>300 °C (lit.)

Chaîne SMILES 

[Cl-].[Cl-].[H]O[H].C[n+]1ccc(cc1)-c2cc[n+](C)cc2

InChI

1S/C12H14N2.2ClH.H2O/c1-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)12-5-9-14(2)10-6-12;;;/h3-10H,1-2H3;2*1H;1H2/q+2;;;/p-2

Clé InChI

RLGVBTFWTZJYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Catégories apparentées

Description générale

Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate is a well-known electron acceptor since it is having similar reduction potential value compared to the conduction band (−0.44 V) of TiO2.

Application

Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate can be used as an electron transfer agent, which provides insights into the dynamics of the excited state of quantum dot materials.

It can also be used as a mediator in the synthesis of ultrasmall bimetallic PdAg nanocatalysts.

Pictogrammes

Skull and crossbonesHealth hazardEnvironment
GHS06,GHS08,GHS09

Mention d'avertissement

Danger

Classification des risques

Acute Tox. 2 Dermal - Acute Tox. 2 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 3 Oral - Aquatic Acute 1 - Aquatic Chronic 1 - Eye Irrit. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT RE 1 - STOT SE 3

Organes cibles

Respiratory system

Code de la classe de stockage

6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

Classe de danger pour l'eau (WGK)

WGK 3

Point d'éclair (°F)

Not applicable

Point d'éclair (°C)

Not applicable

Équipement de protection individuelle

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

Faites votre choix parmi les versions les plus récentes :

Certificats d'analyse (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
STBL4814
STBL4813
STBL4082
STBL4081
STBL3308

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Retrouvez la documentation relative aux produits que vous avez récemment achetés dans la Bibliothèque de documents.

Consulter la Bibliothèque de documents

Claudia Montllor-Albalate et al.
Redox biology, 21, 101064-101064 (2018-12-24)
Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (Sod1) is a highly conserved and abundant metalloenzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. As a consequence, Sod1 serves dual roles in oxidative stress protection and redox signaling by both
Tetrahedron Letters, 33, 6677-6677 (1993)
Youjia Yu et al.
Frontiers in physiology, 11, 65-65 (2020-03-03)
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide which can cause high mortality to humans. However, relatively few studies focus on metabolic feature of PQ intoxication for investigating the underlying mechanisms. Here we performed non-targeted metabolomics profiling of serum samples from
David B Hicks et al.
Microbiology (Reading, England), 165(9), 1001-1012 (2019-07-17)
Alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4, which has a broad pH growth range of 7.5 to above 10.5, is yellow-pigmented due to carotenoids. Carotenoids contribute to membrane rigidity and can alleviate cellular oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to gain insight into
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 98, 6377-6377 (1994)
Afficher tous les articles scientifiques apparentés

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Questions

1–10 of 10 Questions  

  1. What is the method for dissolving p/n 856177, Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate?

    1 answer

    1. Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate (p/n 856177) is water-soluble at a concentration of 50 mg/ml.

      Helpful?

  2. Do you have a literature protocol for preparing the reduced form of Product 856177, Methyl viologen dichloride?

    1 answer

    1. Yes. The reference is Trudinger, P.A., Anal. Biochem., 36, 222-251, 1970. Here is the procedure:Reduced methyl viologen was prepared as follows: 20-30 μl of 0.1 M sodium dithionite in 0.1 M Tris, pH 8.0, was injected into 3 mL of nitrogen-flushed solutions of 0.1 mM methyl viologen. Removal of the oxygen, as much as possible, helps to inhibit the reoxidation of the reduced methyl viologen. In distilled water and neutral or acid buffers, reduction with sodium dithionite gave variable values in their determination of the extinctions of reduced methyl viologen. It appeared that alkaline pH's, i.e., ~8, may be preferable. Methyl Viologen (reduced) has been used as the substrate for nitrate reductase (cytochrome), Sigma product N0519. It is important that all reagents be virtually free of oxygen in order to prevent the oxidation of the reduced methyl viologen substrate or else no enzymatic reaction will occur. Towards this end all reagents are dissolved in deionized water which has been boiled for 10 minutes, then cooled. After cooling, the water is degassed under vacuum to further ensure the removal of oxygen. After reagents are prepared, they are stored in vials which are tightly capped, then stored on ice at 0-5 °C. It is best to have no more than a minimum volume of air in these containers.In our experience, for the reduction of methyl viologen using sodium dithionite, it is important to use anhydrous sodium dithionite, since the reducing power of the moist salt may be diminished.

      Helpful?

  3. What is the stability of Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate, Product 856177, in solution?

    1 answer

    1. Unfortunately, we have not performed stability testing of methyl viologen dichloride hydrate in solution. Therefore, we would recommend you make a fresh solution before each use.

      Helpful?

  4. How can Product 856177, Methyl viologen dichloride, be dissolved?

    1 answer

    1. We have found that this compound (methyl viologen) is soluble in water at 50 mg/mL.  According to the chemicals encyclopedia published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, 12th Ed., entry #7165, methyl viologen is very soluble in water, slightly soluble in the lower alcohols and insoluble in hydrocarbons; it is hydrolyzed by alkali and inactivated by inert clays and anionic surfactants.

      Helpful?

  5. Can Product 856177, Methyl viologen dichloride, be used in an assay for homocysteine. Do you have that reference?

    1 answer

    1. Yes. A colorimetric method is described for the detection of homocysteine over structurally related thiols, cysteine and glutathione has been described in the literature. When colorless solutions of methyl viologen are heated with cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione, only the solution with homocysteine changes color. The rapid method requires a few minutes and produces color changes which can be observed visually or with UV-VIS spectrophotometers. The method may lead to a diagnostic method for detection of homocysteine. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 3400 (2004).

      Helpful?

  6. What is the absorbance maximum and extinction coefficient for Product 856177, Methyl viologen dichloride?

    1 answer

    1. The E1% in water is typically 650-700 at a wavelength of 258 nm. Given a molecular weight (corrected for water content for the trihydrate) of 311.2, this corresponds to a molar extinction coefficient (EM) of between 20,200 and 21,800. So you might want to use an average value of 21,000 in your calculations.

      Helpful?

  7. How many moles of water are present in Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate, Product 856177?

    1 answer

    1. The water content of each lot of this product is tested by Karl Fischer titration. The weight percent of water will be reported on the certificate of analysis of each lot.

      Helpful?

  8. What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?

    1 answer

    1. Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.

      Helpful?

  9. In what solvents is Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate, Product 856177, soluble?

    1 answer

    1. According to the chemicals encyclopedia published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, methyl viologen dichloride hydrate is very soluble in water, slightly soluble in lower alcohols and insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents.

      Helpful?

  10. I see that the molecular formula for Product 856177, Methyl viologen dichloride, lists the water content as X H2O. What is the typical value for X, and what is the corresponding molecular weight corrected for water content?

    1 answer

    1. This product typically assays at 15-18% water, corresponding to a trihydrate (X = 3). The molecular weight corrected for water content for the trihydrate is 311.2.

      Helpful?

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