This product is predominantly (>95%) in the oxidized form.
C2867
Cytochrom c aus Pferdeherz
BioUltra, ≥99% (SDS-PAGE), powder, suitable for mammalian cell culture
Synonym(e):
Cytochrom c aus Pferdeherz
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10 MG
€ 216,00
50 MG
€ 791,00
Über diesen Artikel
Form:
powder
Assay:
≥99% (SDS-PAGE)
Biological source:
horse heart
Mol wt:
12,384
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Unterstützung erhaltenbiological source
horse heart
product line
BioUltra
assay
≥99% (SDS-PAGE)
form
powder
mol wt
12,384
storage condition
(Tightly closed Dry)
technique(s)
cell culture | mammalian: suitable
solubility
water: 10 mg/mL, dark red-brown
UniProt accession no.
storage temp.
−20°C
Quality Level
Gene Information
horse ... CYCS(100053958)
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Verwandte Kategorien
1 of 4
Dieser Artikel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| assay ≥99% (SDS-PAGE) | assay ≥95% (SDS-PAGE), ≥95% based on Mol. Wt. 12,384 basis | assay ≥95% (SDS-PAGE) | assay ≥95% (SDS-PAGE) |
| technique(s) cell culture | mammalian: suitable | technique(s) cell culture | mammalian: suitable | technique(s) cell based assay: suitable | technique(s) cell culture | mammalian: suitable, mass spectrometry (MS): suitable, western blot (chemiluminescent): suitable |
| biological source horse heart | biological source horse heart | biological source horse heart | biological source human heart |
| form powder | form powder | form powder | form lyophilized powder |
| mol wt 12,384 | mol wt 12,384 | mol wt 12,384 | mol wt 11 kDa by SDS-PAGE |
| Gene Information horse ... CYCS(100053958) | Gene Information horse ... CYCS(100053958) | Gene Information horse ... CYCS(100053958) | Gene Information human ... CYCS(54205), CYCSL1(157317) |
General description
Application
Die Reaktionsorte, an denen die Oxidation von Cytochrom c aus Pferden bei Behandlung mit H2O2 und UV genau stattfindet, sowie der Umfang der Oxidation wurden charakterisiert. Es wurde vorgeschlagen, dass man den Status dieser Oxidationsorte als einen Biomarker für den Oxidationszustand in einer Zelle verwenden könnte.
Cytochrome c from equine heart has been used to prepare a stock solution for synthesizing and calibrating biotinylated cytochrome c.[3] It has also been used as a component of the reaction buffer to stain electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV and determine its activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis.[4]
Biochem/physiol Actions
Cytochrom c ist in erster Linie als mitochondriales Protein mit Elektronencarrier Funktion bekannt. Der Übergang von Cytochrom c zwischen Eisen(II) und Eisen(III) innerhalb der Zelle macht es zu einem effizienten biologischen Elektronen-Transporter, und es spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei zellulären Oxidationen in Pflanzen und Tieren. Es wird allgemein als universeller Atmungskatalysator betrachtet, der eine wesentliche Elektronen-Brücke zwischen den lungengängigen Substraten und Sauerstoff bildet.
Cytochrome C (Cyt C) acts as a potent signaling molecule of apoptosis by activating caspase 3, a death protease. It plays a role in heme-binding with the help of cytochrome c heme lyase which facilitates its release into the mitochondrial intermembrane space.[1] Cyt C also exhibits lipid-binding by interacting with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that initiates protein unfolding and activates the peroxidase function in Cyt C.[5]
Preparation Note
A further purification of C2506
Prepared using TCA.
Other Notes
Für weitere Informationen sehen Sie cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.
Lagerklasse
11 - Combustible Solids
wgk
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
ppe
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
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Yuning Hong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(45), 18713-18723 (2012-10-17)
Interactions of cytochrome c (cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) partially unfold the protein, activating its peroxidase function, a critical event in the execution of apoptosis. However, structural features of the altered protein species in the heterogeneous ensemble are difficult to
Bradford G Hill et al.
Free radical biology & medicine, 47(6), 675-683 (2009-06-17)
Protein thiol modifications occur under both physiological and pathological conditions and have been shown to contribute to changes in protein structure, function, and redox signaling. The majority of protein thiol modifications occur on cysteine residues that have a low pK(a);
Nadia Bertola et al.
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 12(5) (2023-05-27)
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a dysfunctional DNA repair and an oxidative stress accumulation due to defective mitochondrial energy metabolism, not counteracted by endogenous antioxidant defenses, which appear down-expressed compared to the control. Since the
Han Xie et al.
Redox biology, 53, 102340-102340 (2022-05-25)
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are possibly induced by the crosstalk between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula, which is physiologically important in apoptosis. Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is believed to play a crucial role in such signaling pathway by interrupting
Cytochrome c: can't live with it--can't live without it.
J C Reed
Cell, 91(5), 559-562 (1997-12-11)
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Is Product C2867, Cytochrome c, predominantly in the oxidized form or the reduced form?
1 answer-
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How do I determine how much of Product C2867, Cytochrome c, is in the oxidized form, and how much is reduced?
1 answer-
This is determined by a spectral assay. The detailed assay procedure (operating procedure #11252) may be requested from Sigma St. Louis Technical Service ([email protected]).
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What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?
1 answer-
Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product.
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I see that you list several horse heart cytochrome c products. What are the differences, and which one should I choose?
1 answer-
Product No. C2506 is prepared with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), whereas C7752 is prepared with the milder acetic acid. The TCA method may reduce the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD) present, but tends to cause dimerization or acid-modified structures of cytochrome c. In contrast, acetic acid preparations may have slightly higher amounts of SOD, but a lower proportion of dimeric cytochrome c. So C2506 would be recommended for enzyme activity studies that require low SOD, whereas C7752 is recommended for structural studies or binding studies, or for enzyme activity studies where possible SOD contamination is not a problem. Product No. C2867 is prepared from C2506; it is a BioUtra grade product, greater than or equal to 99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE. It is recommended when an ultra-high purity is required. Product No. C3256 is also prepared from C7752; it is isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. This fraction shows a high rate of ascorbic acid oxidation, but low activity in a cytochrome oxidase system. Product No. C7150 is also prepared from C7752; it is suitable for use as a gel filtration molecular weight marker.
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How should I store solutions of Product C2867, Cytochrome c?
1 answer-
Our general recommendations are as follows: Store at -20 °C (freezer) for up to six months. Store at 2-8 °C (refrigerator) for up to two weeks. Store at 20-25 °C (room temperature) for up to three days. According to J. Biol. Chem, 237, 2161-2174 (1962), cytochrome c is stable to boiling, and over an unusually wide range of pH values. However, it denatures readily at extreme pH (low or high), and in high concentrations of organic solvents, such as ethanol or acetone.
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