Nornicotine is a tobacco alkaloid and nicotine metabolite. Since virtually all tobacco products contain nornicotine, smoking or chewing tobacco exposes the user to this nicotine alkaloid. In urine testing by GC/MS or LC/MS, nornicotine is used as an indicator of smoking or use of chewing tobacco or nicotine replacement products.
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In the species of genus Nicotiana, nicotine to nornicotine conversion is mediated by closely related nicotine N-demethylase (NND) proteins that are encoded by the CYP82E subfamily of cytochrome P450 genes. The diverse number and transcriptional regulation of the NND genes
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme of the tetrahydrofolate (THF)-mediated one-carbon (C1) metabolic network. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylene-THF to 5-methyl-THF. The latter donates its methyl group to homocysteine, forming methionine, which is then used for the
There has been no previous assessment of the level of nicotine exposure in companion animals as a result of passive smoking. A method was developed for the determination of nicotine in dog hair where extraction was carried out by sonication
The interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine acquire control over behavior. This observation, among others, suggests that the stimulus effects of nicotine are important in the development and tenacity of tobacco dependence. Despite this importance, there has been little research examining
Therapeutic drug monitoring, 33(1), 80-85 (2010-12-31)
Umbilical cord tissue was studied as a means of detecting prenatal exposure to nicotine. This was accomplished by comparing the presence and concentration of nicotine as well as nicotine metabolites in both umbilical cord tissue and paired meconium samples with
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