ID45 is an activator of a PERK-Nrf2 ER stress pathway with antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), the primary cause of viral myocarditis. ID45 was found to result in host cell survival during CVB3 infection by allowing maintenance of high protein translation rates for host mRNAs and suppressing cap-independent translation initiation of CVB3 RNA. ID45 induced upregulation of Glucose related protein 78 (GRP78), an indication of ER stress, and activated PKR-like ER protein kinase (PERK) which in turn caused nuclear accumulation of response element Nrf2, leading to an increase in antioxidant response elements such as NQO1. NQO1 protects eukaryotic cap-dependent translation initiation factor eIF4GI from cleavage and degradation, facilitating cap-dependent translation initiation of host cellular mRNAs and suppressing cap-independent translation initiation of viral RNA.
ID45 is an activator of a PERK-Nrf2 ER stress pathway with antiviral activity.
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