βCCt has been characterized as an α1selective antagonist and benzodiazepine mixed agonist/antagonist.. A recent study found Ki values for the GABA-A subtypes were 0.72, 15, 18.9, 110.8, and >5,000 nM at five recombinant GABAA/BzR subtypes α1, α2, α3, α5, and α6 respectively. βCCt was a near ‘neutral′ antagonist (i.e., little or no efficacy) at all these 5 recombnant GABAA/BzR receptor subtypes. βCCt has been shown to reduce alcohol self-administration in alcohol preferring (P) and high alcohol drinking (HAD) rats.
βCCt is a GABBA antagonist selective for α1 subtype and a mixed benzodiazepine agonist-antagonist
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The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 300(2), 505-512 (2002-01-24)
Drug discrimination was used to examine the effects of benzodiazepine (BZ)(1) receptor-selective ligands in rhesus monkeys. In diazepam-treated (5.6 mg/kg, p.o.) monkeys discriminating the nonselective BZ antagonist flumazenil (0.32 mg/kg, s.c.), the BZ(1)-selective antagonist beta-carboline-3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester (beta-CCt) substituted for flumazenil.
The stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) model is an anxiety model that uses the transient rise in body temperature in response to acute stress. Benzodiazepines produce anxiolytic as well as sedative side effects through nonselective binding to GABA(A) receptor subunits. The GABA(A)
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 79(2), 279-290 (2004-10-27)
Recent research using genetically modified mice has pointed to the specific contribution of individual receptor subtypes to the various effects of benzodiazepines. The aim of this study was to examine the relative significance of alpha(1)-containing GABA(A) receptors in the effects
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(2), 269-284 (2003-12-11)
The present study tested the hypothesis that GABA(A) and opioid receptors within the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) regulate ethanol (EtOH), but not sucrose-maintained responding. To accomplish this, betaCCt, a mixed benzodiazepine (BDZ) agonist-antagonist with binding selectivity at the
Conventional benzodiazepines (BZs), clinically used for treatment of anxiety and insomnia, bind to GABA(A) receptors containing alpha(1), alpha(2), alpha(3), or alpha(5) subunits. The role of these different GABA(A) receptor subtypes in mediating the subjective effects of BZs remains largely unknown.
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