PKCγ is the major PKC isoform of spinal cord; involved in the development of persistent neuropathic pain.
Protein Kinase C (PKC) is a serine/threonine kinase that is activated intracellularly by signal transduction pathways that produce DAG from phosphatidylinositol diphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) through the action of various activated phospholipases. Phorbol esters also stimulate PKC. At least 11 PKC isozymes have been identified that differ in primary structure, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, response to extracellular signals, and substrate specificity. The isozymes can be grouped into three subfamilies. Members of the first family require Ca2+ and phospholipid and include PKCα, βI, βII, and γ. Members of the second family are phospholipid-dependent but Ca2+-independent, and include PKCδ, ε, η, and θ. Members of the third family are not activated by either DAG or phorbol esters and include PKCξ, μ, and ι. Phosphorylation appears to be an important mechanism of regulation of all PKCs. PKC plays a role in the regulation of cell transformation, growth, differentiation, ruffling, vesicle trafficking, apoptosis and gene expression.
Unit Definition
One unit will transfer 1 nmol of phosphate to histone H3 in 1 min at pH 7.4 at 30 °C.
Physical form
Solution in 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4; 2 mM EDTA, 2 mM EGTA, 5 mM DTT, 250 mM NaCl, 0.05% Triton X-100, and 50% glycerol.
Protein kinase C has been implicated in the phosphorylation of the erythrocyte/brain glucose transporter, GLUT1, without a clear understanding of the site(s) of phosphorylation and the possible effects on glucose transport. Through in vitro kinase assays, mass spectrometry, and phosphospecific antibodies
Development (Cambridge, England), 138(12), 2477-2485 (2011-05-13)
Post-translational modification by the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is important for a variety of cellular and developmental processes. However, the precise mechanism(s) that connects sumoylation to specific developmental signaling pathways remains relatively less clear. Here, we show that Smt3 knockdown
Development (Cambridge, England), 136(12), 2069-2079 (2009-05-26)
From a list of protein kinases (PKs) that are newly induced upon differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to mesendoderm, we identified a previously uncharacterized kinase, Vlk (vertebrate lonesome kinase), that is well conserved in vertebrates but has no homologs
Science in China. Series C, Life sciences, 51(5), 391-401 (2008-09-13)
Calcium and protein kinase serve as the common mediators to regulate plant responses to multiple stresses including salt and ABA stimulus. Here we reported a novel protein kinase (CIPK14) that regulated the responses to ABA treatment and salt stress in
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 61(2), 211-222 (2009-10-17)
During adaptation and developmental processes cells respond through nonlinear calcium-decoding signaling cascades, the principal components of which have been identified. However, the molecular mechanisms generating specificity of cellular responses remain poorly understood. Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins contribute to decoding calcium
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