DFF exists as an inactive cytoplasmic protein until activated by apoptotic signals. DFF40, the nuclease responsible for DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, exists as a heterodimeric complex with DFF45.
Immunogen
synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 313-331 of the C-terminal region of human DFF45/ICAD (DNA Fragmentation Factor 45/ Inhibitor of Caspase-3 Activated DNase I).
Application
Anti-DFF45 antibody produced in rabbit is suitable for western blot analysis at a working concentration of 0.25μg/mL using human HeLa cell extract.
Biochem/physiol Actions
DFF45 functions as both a chaperone, mediating the correct folding of DFF40, and an inhibitor of DFF40. DFF45 is cleaved by caspase-3 at two sites in response to apoptotic signals. This releases DFF40, the active nuclease. DFF40 seems to oligomerize, forming a large, functional complex which breaks down DNA by introducing double strand breaks. Also, DFF40 appears to interact directly with histone H1 that may stimulate its activity.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline containing 0.02% sodium azide
The Journal of biological chemistry, 274(43), 30651-30656 (1999-10-16)
Caspase-3 initiates apoptotic DNA fragmentation by proteolytically inactivating DFF45 (DNA fragmentation factor-45)/ICAD (inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase), which releases active DFF40/CAD (caspase-activated DNase), the inhibitor's associated endonuclease. Here, we examined whether other apoptotic proteinases initiated DNA fragmentation via DFF45/ICAD inactivation. In
The Journal of biological chemistry, 273(44), 28549-28552 (1998-10-24)
Apoptosis involves the proteolysis of specific cellular proteins by a group of cysteine proteases known as caspases. Many of these cellular targets are either functionally inactivated (e.g. poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) or activated (e.g. other caspases, gelsolin) by such processing, thereby facilitating
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 254(3), 552-558 (1999-01-28)
During apoptosis, changes to the nucleus of the dying cell include DNA degradation and structural collapse. These changes are accomplished by caspase-mediated cleavage of DNA-fragmenting factor DFF45, an inhibitor of the effector molecule DFF40. DFF45 and, more efficiently, a mutant
The Journal of biological chemistry, 274(20), 13836-13840 (1999-05-13)
DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein composed of 45-kDa (DFF45) and 40-kDa (DFF40) subunits, a protein that mediates regulated DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation in response to apoptotic signals. DFF45 is a specific molecular chaperone and an inhibitor
Various molecules such as cytokines and anticancer drugs, as well as factor deprivation, rapidly induce apoptosis (programmed cell death), which is morphologically characterized by cell shrinkage and the blebbing of plasma membranes and by nuclear condensation. Caspases, particularly caspase 3
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