The biosynthesis of lignin monomers involves two methylation steps catalyzed by orthodiphenol-O-methyltransferases: caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid 3/5-O-methyltransferases (COMTs) and caffeoyl-coenzyme A (CoA)/5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA 3/5-O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs). Two COMT classes (I and II) were already known to occur in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and three
Mutants of Arabidopsis deficient in a major leaf phenylpropanoid ester, 2-O-sinapoyl-L-malate, were identified by thin-layer chromatographic screening of methanolic leaf extracts from several thousand mutagenized plants. Mutations at a locus designated SIN1 also eliminate accumulation of the sinapic acid esters
Syringyl lignin, an important component of the secondary cell wall, has traditionally been considered to be a hallmark of angiosperms because ferns and gymnosperms in general lack lignin of this type. Interestingly, syringyl lignin was also detected in Selaginella, a
A cDNA encoding an O-methyltransferase (namely FGCOMT1) was identified from the medicinal plant Trigonella foenum-graecum L. The FGCOMT1 enzyme is a functional caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) and is localized in the cytosol. Kinetic analysis indicated that FGCOMT1 protein exhibited the
4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) activates hydroxycinnamates for entry into phenylpropanoid branchways that support various metabolic activities, including lignification and flavonoid biosynthesis. However, it is not clear whether and how 4CL proteins with their broad substrate specificities fulfill the specific hydroxycinnamate
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