The in vivo incorporation of clickable unnatural amino acids such as 3-Azido-L-alanine with unique reactivity at a defined postition is used for functionalization of proteins. The azide functionalities in the protein can then be modified with almost any alkyne bearing molecule by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Copper-free alternatives with strained internal alkynes are also available (SPAAC). Some examples enabled with this technique are protein PEGylation, masking with sugars, and the attachment to antibodies.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(1), 19-24 (2001-12-26)
The introduction of chemically unique groups into proteins by means of non-natural amino acids has numerous applications in protein engineering and functional studies. One method to achieve this involves the utilization of a non-natural amino acid by the cell's native
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